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3 years ago

Reasons for seasons

Biology

1 answer:

Sergio039 [100]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

As the earth spins on its axis, producing night and day, it also moves about the sun in an elliptical (elongated circle) orbit that requires about 365 1/4 days to complete. The earth's spin axis is tilted with respect to its orbital plane. This is what causes the seasons. At different times of the year, the sun's rays hit different parts of the globe more directly. The angle of the Earth's axis tilts the Northern Hemisphere towards the sun during the summer. Without the tilt of the earth's axis, we wouldn't have seasons.

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

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Explanation:

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Individual and public health are affected by environmental and genetic factors is a statement which reflects reality. Firstly, susceptibility to certain diseases usually or often runs in a family so that if there is say, diabetes in the father and grandmother for example, the son or daughter has more chances of getting it so this is a genetic susceptibility.. Also, some families are more prone to cancer so that given the right circumstances, cancer can develop. So it is usually a combination of both genetic and environmental causes that results in a disease. An example of public health could be when smallpox was deliberately introduced to the First Nations people in British Columbia, Canada back in the 1800's to decimate them and remove their resistance to the gold mining hordes. Since the First Nations had no anti-bodies to counteract such a disease unlike the white men who introduced it to them, then they easily fell prey to it and died within days of contracting it.

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From a chemical view, how is an amino acid is being recognized by its specific aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?

hammer [34]

During translation, rRNA and tRNA read mRNA in 5´ to 3´ direction. According to the codons being readen, tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide chain. A codon is a short sequence of three nucleotides that store the genetic information for the aminoacids´ assembly.

Each tRNA has two important sites. One of them that couples with the codon of the mRNA molecule, named anticodon. The other site couples with an amino acid through the action of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthase enzyme. The whole complex, amino acid + enzyme + tRNA is named aminoacyl-tRNA.

Each tRNA is recognized by a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthase enzyme. The enzyme is also capable of recognizing a specific amino acid. Let us say, for instance, that tRNA is specific for phenylalanine. The molecule is attached to the enzyme that is specific for that tRNA(Phe). Then, when the enzyme and tRNA(Phe) are together, they get to find phenylalanine. The enzyme links the aminoacid to the RNA. Once the whole complex is formed, the tRNA gets to pair its anticodon with the mRNA codon. This is,

Recognition of enzyme and the specific tRNA(aa) ⇒ aa being aminoacid
Recognition of enzyme and the specific aminoacid
Linkage of the aminoacid to RNA by the enzyme action
Pairing of tRNA anticodon to mRNA codon.

Considering that there are twenty amino acids available, there are also twenty complexes of aminoacyl-tRNA, one for each amino acid. Each of the mRNA codons represents one of the 20 amino acids used to build the protein. Each amino acid can be codified by more than one codon. Of the total 64 codons, 61 codify amino acids, and one is a start codon. The left three codons are stopping translation points.

tRNA decodes genetic information from the nucleotidic sequence in the mRNA molecule and allows amino acids to align composing the new protein.

Once the new peptidic link joins, placing together the new amino acid to the growing peptidic chain, the binding between the amino acid and the tRNA molecule breaks. The tRNA is now free to join another amino acid and repeat the cycle.

In conclusion, a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthase enzyme recognizes a tRNA, which is also specific for a certain amino acid. When together, the enzyme recognizes the amino acid and links it to the RNA. The whole complex is known as aminoacyl-tRNA. Once the tRNA is joined to its amino acid, it gets to pair a codon of mRNA to add that amino acid to the new synthesizing protein.

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3 years ago

Reasons for seasons​

Reasons for seasons