Answer:
1. tHe old patient is expressing his pain of 9 on a pain scale of 0 to 10 indicates very severe pain which means the patient requires a fast-acting medication. In such a case, an Injection by the intravenous route is the best route of administration as it is directly administered in blood stream to relieve or control pain at the earliest
2. The dosage adjustment has to be done based on the renal function of the patient. The initial dose can be loading doses then the gradual tapering of the doses administered and then stopping the medication.
3. BIn older ages the renal functions are compromised normally due to physiological processes and if the patient has any medical complaints or is on any medications it makes it more decreased. The decreased renal function can cause the accumulation of the drug in the body and causing discomfort. So it has to be calculated on the basis of glomerular filtration rate.
When the body is exposed to allergens or irritants, it will trigger the immune systems through different mechanism. However, the common pathway would result to multi-cellular inflammation, enhanced bronchial responsiveness, airflow obstruction and activation of immunological cell infiltration. Here, the inflammatory cell infiltrate are composed of varying amounts of eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes.
Moreover, T cells in the lung appear to orchestrate an immune response with a strong T helper type 2 (Th2) component when allergens drive the process.
<span><span>It is the same in both.
</span><span>"When the ice cubes melt, they turn into an amount of water having the same weight. This weight is also equal to the weight of the water originally displaced by the cubes. Since the densities of the melted ice and the surrounding water are identical, the volume occupied by the melted ice exactly equals the volume of displaced water."</span></span>