Answer:
Some of the energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used in muscle movement while the rest is lost as heat.
Explanation:
According to the second law of thermodynamics, when energy is transformed from one form to another, some energy is used to perform work while the rest is lost as heat to the surroundings. The energy heat energy lost to the surroundings cannot be used to perform functions.
According to the given information, the chemical energy released from the breakdown of ATP is converted into mechanical energy during the movement of a muscle. However, some of the energy released from ATP is lost as thermal energy and is not available to serve in the movement of muscles. This loss of part of the energy as heat during muscle movement explains that the process follows the second law of thermodynamics.
In biochemistry, enzymes are protein catalysts of the body that speeds up certain specific metabolic reactions in the body. They word in the concept of lock-and-key theory or induced fitting. These two theories are all based on the shape and size of the enzyme's active site that could accommodate the substrate. So, the main function of the enzyme is dependent on its shape. Therefore, when an enzyme undergoes denaturation, its orientation and shape changes. For example, a beta pleated sheet may change to an alpha helix orientation. As a consequence, the number and capacity of active sites changes. Hence, the enzyme becomes nonfunctional.
Answer: e
Explanation: the higher the growth rate constant, the shorter the time to grow.
Hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces!
