In order to produce an effective immune response within the body, the person must be injected with a dosage of a virus or bacteria, and for it to be allowed to grow in the person, which replicates just enough to stimulate a response from the immune system.
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People who are lactose intolerant are unable to digest lactose, the sugar commonly found in dairy, because their bodies don't make the enzyme lactase.
Lactase works by breaking down lactose into a simpler sugar that can be used by the body. Without it, lactose is not absorbed by the body & remains in the waste where gut bacteria metabolize it & cause the bloating, gas & other similar discomforts experienced by the lactose intolerant.
Hope that helps!
In truth, though, it is the non-lactose intolerant people that are the mutants. Not the other way around. Most wild animals don't consume milk after they have been weaned & it's just something humans developed to accommodate their diet.
Answer:
The citric acid cycle is fundamental to produce the energy needed for aerobic cell metabolism, thereby mutations in the enzymes involved in this metabolic pathway would be lethal to the individual
Explanation:
In aerobic organisms, the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), is a key metabolic pathway used to remove electrons and uses them in the electron transport chain in order to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. The citric acid cycle depends on eight enzymes that oxidize acetyl-CoA into two molecules each of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Thus, the citric acid cycle is a series of chemical reactions that are key to breakdown carbohydrates, fats and proteins into CO2 and H2O in order to produce energy (ATP).