<span>A stress is considered a "bad" stress when it a</span>ffects you mentally, emotionally, or physically in a negative way.
The correct answer for the question that is being presented above is this one: "A. men naturally have more muscle mass than women and thus need more energy to function." Men and women, regardless of weight, will have different daily energy requirements because men naturally have more muscle mass than women and thus need more energy to function.
Here are the following choices:
A. men naturally have more muscle mass than women and thus need more energy to function.
B. men are more active than women throughout the day.
C. women are smaller than men and have fewer muscles.
D. women naturally have more muscle mass than men and thus need more energy to function.
GradeFor her hard work,,Or an point... What is the answer choice?
The answer is A. Sandals don't really help with traction and it's a very good way to get like. A tapeworm or something. But yeah the answer is A.
Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
