The answer is chloroplasts
Mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations. It is because of the fact that unlike nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA rarely gets mutated. The frequency of mutations in the mitochondrial DNA is approximately one every 3,500 years per nucleotide. That is why mitochondrial DNA of a person is almost similar to his/her direct maternal ancestor. So, it can be used to match lineages amongst people.
Answer:
<h2>I think, dead zoning is answer. </h2>
Explanation:
<h2>Hope it helps you.</h2>
Answer:
The bones are homologous structures
Explanation:
Homologous structures are the structure which are found similar in appearance in different organisms.
The homologous structures in different organism shows that they shared a common ancestor or they diverged from a common ancestor during course of evolution that is these homologous structures are the result of the divergent evolution.
In the given question, the bat, dolphin and the cat shows the same structure of bone which indicates that they have evolved from a common ancestor and is true as they all belong to mammals.
Thus, the bones are homologous structures is correct.
NOTE: the steps of the signal transduction pathway to be arranged is in the attached file.
Answer:
The correct signal transduction pathway in order from the releasing of glucagon into the blood to the promotion of glycogenolysis includes:
- Glucagon binds extracellulary to G- protein coupled receptor.
-G protein releases GDP and binds FTP
-Activated G protein activates adenylate (adenylate) cyclase.
-Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP.
-Cyclic AMP activates protein kinase A
- phosphorylase kinase phosphorylates glucogen phosphorylase, an enzyme needed for glycogenolysis.
Explanation:
As carbohydrates from food consumed is digested, it's end product, the glucose, is assimilated into the cells for energy production through the help of insulin in a process called glycolysis. Excess of glucose is stored in the liver as GLYCOGEN.
In cases where there is reduced sugar in the blood (hypoglycemic state) another pathway (known as glycogenolysis through
GLUCAGON hormone) is initiated to elevate the concentration of glucose in the blood.