Answer:
d) punishment.
Explanation:
Punishment: In psychology, the term "punishment" is described as a term that is being a part of the operant conditioning theory which was proposed by B. F. Skinner. It is referred to as any change or alteration in an animal or human's surroundings that generally occurs after a specific response or behavior that reduces the possibility of the behavior to occur again in future.
In the question above, Mr Williams action toward the dissenters indicates the use of punishment.
Answer:
<u>School Grades</u>
Explanation:
<u>Predictive validity:</u> In psychometrics, the term "predictive validity" is determined as the extent or degree to which a specific score on a particular test or scale tends to predicts the different scores on some of the criterion measures.
<u>Example:</u> Supervisor's different performance ratings.
<u>In the question above, the correct answer is "school grades".</u>
Answer:
sex
Explanation:
Sex is a term that describes the biological and physical traits that differentiates a male from a female. The difference in genitalia and genetic is usually the bases upon which the society uses in differentiating a male or female based on their sex.
For example, as stated in the question above, Beth categorized the unborn infant as a boy based on the clearly visible genitals that she can see through the aid of an ultrasound picture of the fetus. Beth is referring to the unborn infant's sex.