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3 years ago

Describe the orbital diagram of an atom with eight electrons. Explain how this orbital diagram demonstrates Hund's rule.

1 answer:

4 0

The closer the orbitals are to the nucleus, the lower they are in energy.
Atomic orbitals are filled with electrons the energy goes from lowest to highest
When multiple orbitals of equal energy have only one electron, the electrons in each must all have the same spin. However, the orbital diagram violates Hunds Rule.

Pauli's exclusion principle states that in an atom or molecule, no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers. As an orbital can contain a maximum of only two electrons, the two electrons must have opposing spins.

Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity states that every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

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What is the length of a rectangle with width 10 in. and area 45 in.2

asambeis [7]

Possible answer could be 900 or 450.

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3 years ago

Identify the type of reaction and then balance the equation for each of the following reactions.

alexgriva [62]

Answer:

The answer to your question is below

Explanation:

There are 4 types of chemical reactions:

- Synthesis is when two elements or compounds form only one compound.

- Decomposition is when 1 compound is broken into 2 or more products.

- Single replacement is when one element is replaced by another element.

- Double replacement is when the cations of two compounds are interchanged.

1.- Decomposition 2 Al₂O₃ ⇒ 4 Al + 3O₂

2.- Single replacement Mg + 2HNO₃ ⇒ Mg(NO₃)₂ + H₂

3.- Combustion 2C₆H₆ + 15O₂ ⇒ 12CO₂ + 6H₂O

4.- Synthesis 2Ag + S ⇒ Ag₂S

5.- Double replacement 3Ca(OH)₂ + 2H₃PO₄ ⇒ Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 6 H₂O

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3 years ago

A student who was training for a cross-country race jogged for 1.0 hour and covered a distance of 1.5 kilometers. How much farth

densk [106]

Answer:

He would travel 3 kilometers.

Explanation:

Since he had already covered 1.5 kilometers in the time of 1 hour that means if he jogged for 1 more hour assuming he is going at the same pace he would've jogged 1.5 kilometers again and when you add that to the 1.5 kilometers he started with it would add up to 3 kilometers.

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3 years ago

Substance ΔG°f(kJ/mol) M3O4(s) −8.80 M(s) 0 O2(g) 0 Consider the decomposition of a metal oxide to its elements, where M represe

baherus [9]

Answer:

The equilibrium constant is $K =0.02867$

The equilibrium pressure for oxygen gas is $P_{O_2} = 0.09367\ atm$

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

The equation of the chemical reaction is

$M_2 O_3 _{(s)} ----> 2M_{(s)} + \frac{3}{2} O_2_{(g)}$

The Gibbs free energy for $M_3 O_4_{(s)}$ is $\Delta G^o_{1} = -8.80 \ kJ/mol$

The Gibbs free energy for $M{(s)}$ is $\Delta G^o_{2} = 0 \ kJ/mol$

The Gibbs free energy for $O_2{(s)}$ is $\Delta G^o_{3} = 0 \ kJ/mol$

The Gibbs free energy of the reaction is mathematically represented as

$\Delta G^o_{re} = \sum \Delta G^o _p - \sum G^o _r$

$\Delta G^o_{re} = \sum \Delta G^o _1 - \sum( G^o _2 +G^o _3)$

Substituting values

From the balanced equation

$\Delta G^o_{re} =[ (2 * 0) + (\frac{3}{2} * 0 )] - [1 * - 8.80]$

$\Delta G^o_{re} = 8.80 kJ/mol =8800J/mol$

The Gibbs free energy of the reaction can also be represented mathematically as

$\Delta G^o_{re} = -RTln K$

Where R is the gas constant with a value of $R = 8.314 J/mol \cdot K$

T is the temperature with a given value of $T = 298 K$

K is the equilibrium constant

Now equilibrium constant for a reaction that contain gas is usually expressed in term of the partial pressure of the reactant and products that a gaseous in state

The equilibrium constant for this chemical reaction is mathematically represented as

$K_p =[ P_{O_2}]^{\frac{3}{2} }$

Where $[ P_{O_2}]$ is the equilibrium pressure of oxygen

The p subscript shows that we are obtaining the equilibrium constant using the partial pressure of gas in the reaction

Now equilibrium constant the subject on the second equation of the Gibbs free energy of the reaction

$K = e^{- \frac{\Delta G^o_{re}}{RT} }$

Substituting values

$K= e^{\frac{8800}{8.314 * 298} }$

$K =0.02867$

Now substituting this into the equation above to obtain the equilibrium of oxygen

$0.02867 = [P_{O_2}]^{[\frac{3}{2} ]}$

multiplying through by $1 ^{\frac{2}{3} }$

$P_{O_2} = [0.02867]^{\frac{2}{3} }$

$P_{O_2} = 0.09367\ atm$

3 0

3 years ago

Which of these is an example of light energy being transformed into chemical energy

Darya [45]

Answer:

An example of an energy transformation that occurs in the natural world is the process of photosynthesis. In the Sun, chemical energy transforms into light and thermal energy. Plants transform the Sun's light energy into chemical energy during the process of photosynthesis.

Explanation:

7 0

3 years ago