Environments are always changing so organisms need to adapt to survive. The organisms that survive are the ones that are fit to live in that environment, which is where survival of the fittest comes into play.
If element X has 15 protons, it would also have 15 electrons.
The word 'clone' is derived from the greek term 'klon', or 'twig', referring to the fact that twigs have the capabilities to grow entire new plants.