Explanation:
- When a bond is formed by transfer of electrons from one atom to another then it results in the formation of an ionic bond.
An ionic bond is generally formed by a metal and a non-metal.
For example, lithium is an alkali metal with atomic number 3 and its electronic distribution is 2, 1.
And, chlorine is a non-metal with atomic number 17 and its electronic distribution is 2, 8, 7.
So, in order to complete their octet lithium needs to lose an electron and chlorine needs to gain an electron.
Hence, both of then on chemically combining together results in the formation of an ionic compound that is, lithium chloride (LiCl).
An ionic compound is formed by LiCl because lithium has donated its valence electron to the chlorine atom.
- On the other hand, if a bond is formed by sharing of electrons between the two chemically combining atoms then it is known as a covalent bond.
For example, 
is a covalent compound as electrons are being shared by each oxygen atom.
Answer:
hope this image is helpful for you
Answer:The product formed on reaction with hydroxide ion as nucleophile is 2R-hexane-2-ol.
The product formed on reaction with water would be a 50:50 mixture of
2S-hexane-2-ol. and 2R-hexane-2-ol.
Explanation:
2S-iodohexane on reactiong with hydroxide ion would undergo SN² substitution reaction that is substitution bimolecular. Hydroxide ion has a negative charge and hence it is a quite good nucleophile .
The rate of a SN² reaction depends on both the substrate and nucleophile . Here the substrate is a secondary carbon center having Iodine as a leaving group.SN² reaction takes place here as hydroxide ion is a good nucleophile and it can attack the secondary carbon center from the back side leading to the formation of 2R-hexane-2-ol.
In a SN² reaction since the the nucleophile attacks from the back-side so the product formation takes place with the inversion of configuration.
When the same substrate S-2-iodohexane undergoes a substitution reaction with water as a nucleophile then the reaction occurs through (SN¹) substitution nucleophilic unimolecular mechanism .
The rate of a SN¹ reaction depends only on the nature of substrate and is independent of the nature of nucleophile.
The SN¹ reaction is a 2 step reaction , in the first step leaving group leaves leading to the formation of a carbocation and once the carbocation is formed then any weaker nucleophile or even solvent molecules can attack leading the formation of products.
In this case a secondary carbocation would be generated in the first step and then water will attack this carbocation to form the product in the second step.
The product formed on using water as a nucleophile would be a racemic mixture of R and S isomers of hexane -2-ol in 50:50 ratio. The two products formed would be 2R-hexane-2-ol and 2S-hexane-2-ol.
Kindly refer the attachment for reaction mechanism and structure of products.
