Answer:
All of the above answer choices are correct.
Explanation:
Test cross is done to find out the genotype of an individual displaying dominant phenotype as it can be homozygous or heterozygous. To find this the individual is crossed with a recessive phenotype individual. For example: a dominant trait tall height can be homozygous TT or heterozygous Tt. If it is TT all the offspring of test cross with tt will be tall. If it is Tt half of the offspring will be tall and half of the offspring will be short.
Multiple offspring are required to come to the final result because offspring production happens in random order and it might take a few tries before another type of phenotype is produced. For example: If a test cross produces an individual with dominant phenotype we can still not surely say if the test individual is homozygous or heterozygous because both can produce dominant phenotype in test cross. We need more offspring to check if the recessive phenotype is produced or not and accordingly decide the genotype of test individual.
Hence all of the above answer choices are correct.
This reaction is called a synthesis.
Vertebrae are the scientific term for the backbones.
All backbones are backbones... right? :'D
However, the vertebrae are only a bone GROUP; there are other types of bones like joints, shafts and etc which don't come under the vertebrae clssification.
The answer to this question is pyruvic acid.
This process is also known as the Embden-Meyerhof or glycolytic pathway and is undoubtedly the most common pathway for glucose degradation to pyruvate in the second stage of catabolism. It is found in all major groups of microorganisms and functions in the presence or absence of oxygen. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasmic matrix of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The pathway as a whole is divided into two parts: The initial 6 carbon stage and secondly, the 3 carbon stage.
One of the products, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, is converted directly to pyruvic acid in a five step process.
