Answer:
All of them.
Explanation:
For considering the annuity formula we can determinate all the proposed factor:

C represent II the amount of each cash flow
r = represent the discopunt rate
while time or "n" represent the numebr of cashflow we have to calcualte the present value.
The timing refer wether the payment are made at the beginning or end of the period.
When made at the beginning it is an annuity-due
and the (1+r) factor multiplies the previous formula to represent the addtional period of capitalization each cashflow has or the one period less to discount for each cashflwo in cases of prresent value.
Answer: directing function
Explanation: In simple words, directing refers to the function in which a manger instructs and guides his or her subordinates so that the organisation can achieve its predetermined goals.
In the given case, Jen is motivating and teaching her employees and after that she is evaluating the result of performance.
Hence from the above we can conclude that she is performing directing function.
Answer:
$329 unfavorable
Explanation:
The fixed manufacturing overhead volume variance shows how much the actual production differs from the budgeted production.
Fixed manufacturing overhead volume variance is computed as;
= Actual output at budgeted rate - Budgeted fixed overhead
= (4,830 × $4.70) - ($4.70 × 4,900)
= $22,701 - $23030
= $329 unfavorable
Therefore, the overall fixed manufacturing volume variance for the month is $329 unfavorable
Answer: e) Elena will use test data to validate her model
Explanation:
Test data is a computer program that will help Elena to verify the type of results to expect using some set of inputs.
Answer:
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Explanation:
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
It is referred to as part of any analysis. At the time of data collection, it provides a very crystal clear definition of the process of collecting data. It strengthened decision making process on validation of any data whether the data is correct or not. This is important because data that is not suited to the analysis can lead to error in result.