Answer:
Explanation:
Normal strain :
It is the ratio of deformation to the original dimension.Normal strain occurs due to longitudinal force.
Normal strain = ΔL/L
Shear strain:
It is the ratio of deformation to perpendicular dimension.Shear strain occurs due to tangential force.
From the second diagram:
if angle Φ is small then we can write
So
This is the shear strain equation.
Answer: a) 1.05kW b) 3.78MJ c) 5.3 bars
Explanation :
A)
Conversions give 900 kcal as 900000 x 4.2 J/cal {4.2 J/cal is the standard factor}
= 3780kJ
And 1 hour = 3600s
Therefore, Power in watts = 3780/3600 = 1.05kW = 1050W
B)
At 15km/hour a 15km run takes 1 hour.
1 hour is 3600s and the runner burns 1050 joule per second.
Energy used in 1 hour = 3600 x 1050 J/s
= 3780000 J or 3.78MJ
C)
1 mile = 1.61km so 13.1 mile is 13.1 x 1.61 = 21.1km
15km needs 3.78 MJ of energy therefore 21.1km needs 3.78 x 21.1/15 = 5.32MJ =5320 kJ
Finally,
1 Milky Way = 240000 calories = 4.2 x 240000 J = 1008000J or 1008kJ
This means that the runner needs 5320/1008 = 5.3 bars
Answer with Explanation:
i) Boundary layer thickness: It is the thickness of the boundary layer formed around an object that is placed in the path of a flowing viscous fluid.The boundary layer thickness is the thickness up to which the effect of the object on the flow can be felt. When a viscous flowing fluid encounters an object in it's path of flow, the flowing fluid forms a thin layer of fluid over the object and this layer of fluid is known as boundary layer. This is a phenomenon only observed in the viscous fluids. As shown in the below figure a uniform flow of a viscous fluid encounters a plate, as we can see the thickness of the boundary layer goes on increasing as we move away from the leading edge of the plate the thickness of the boundary layer at any position is termed as boundary layer thickness.
ii) Boundary layer transition: It is the transition of the flow from a laminar nature to fully developed turbulent flow as it moves over an object. It occurs due to change in the Reynolds number of the flow as the effect of boundary layer increases as we move away from the leading edge of the object.
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