Cancer cells such as Hela cells escape to normal cell cycle by mutations that lead to the misexpression and/or overexpression of regulatory molecules (e.g., cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases) and faulty checkpoint control of the cell cycle
Explanation:
The term cell cycle refers to the mechanism of DNA replication and cell division, which involves a series of sequential steps. The control of the cell cycle depends on 1-cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that regulate the cell cycle by a cascade of protein phosphorylations and 2- a group of checkpoint controls that monitor the completion of critical cellular events. HeLa is an immortalized cell line derived from cervical cancer cells. These cells (HeLa) contain 76 to 80 total chromosomes (instead of the 46 chromosomes that contain normal-diploid body cells), some of which are heavily mutated. These mutations can affect CDKs that control the cell cycle as well as checkpoint-control mechanisms (for example, those resulting from DNA damage), thereby cells do not enter programmed cell death (apoptosis) and proliferate uncontrollably.
Sustainability refers to how a system remains biodiverse and productive over long periods of time. Succession is a series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time. After a fire, volcano, or other disaster, succession enables an ecosystem to recover.
