It could be a common ancestry among organisms.
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
1.2 mL 
Explanation:
<em>This is a problem of simple dilution. The dilution principle simply agrees that the number of moles before dilution must be equal to the number of moles after dilution.</em>
Recall that: number of moles = mass/molar mass or molarity x volume.
Hence, for the dilution principle:
               initial molarity x initial volume = final molarity x final volume.
In this case, initial molarity of NaOH = 1 M, initial volume = ?, final molarity = 0.1 M, final volume = 12.0 mL.
Initial volume = final molarity x final volume/initial molarity
                        = 0.1 x 12/1 = 1.2 mL
It thus means that 1.2 mL of 1 M NaOH would be taken and then diluted up to 12.0 mL mark by the addition of distilled water in order to produce 12.0 mL, 0.10 M NaOH solution.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Involuntary as the muscle is a reflex
        
             
        
        
        
The cell membrane functions as a selective barrier. We call these kind of membranes as differentially permeable or semi permeable membrane. It can decide what substances can pass in and out. Therefore it can surround the cytoplasm (which is the inside of a cell) to separate the cell's content from the surroundings.