Answer:
1. use of the wrong antibiotic
2. use of insufficient concentration of the right antibiotic
Explanation:
MRSA means Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
VRSA means Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
These are resistant forms of the bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> to the antibiotics mentioned.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics occurs when bacteria develop mechanisms that protect them against the effects of previously effective antibiotics.
Misguided and inappropriate use of antibiotics results in resistance, and they mainly occur as a result of two activities:
1. Use of wrong antibiotics: antibiotics are chosen using a microbiological technique called 'sensitivity testing', to determine which antibiotic is effective against a bacterium. However, when antibiotics are taken without proper sensitivity testing, the bacteria develop resistance against such antibiotics.
2. Use of inadequate concentration of the right antibiotic: This involves using less than the minimum inhibitory of minimum bactericidal concentration of an antibiotic against a bacteria. In this case, the organism has ample time to evolve in the presence of the antibiotic, hence the occurrence of resistance.
Answer:
The correct answer is - B. disruptive selection.
Explanation:
Adaptive radiation is a type of genetic drift that relatively fast evolution of many species from a single common ancestor which means there is a big drift in a very small time.
Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that shows phenotypes (individuals with groups of traits) of both extremes but has very few individuals in the middle. An example of this type is the evolution of mammals after the extinction of dinnosaurs.
Answer:
producers create their own food and provide energy and food for consumers.
this is the searched up version: Producers are organisms that create food from inorganic matter. The best examples of producers are plants, lichens and algae, which convert water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. Consumers are organisms that cannot create their food. ... The producers are the foundation of any ecosystem.
Explanation:
<u>The function of a protein determined by:</u>
The shape determines the working of a protein. A protein's design is determined by its primary structure i.e the amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequence within a protein is decided by the encoding arrangement of nucleotide in the gene (DNA).
The role of a protein is utterly dependent on its three-dimensional architecture (other than when it caters as food). This framework may be disturbed by a number of agents thereby denaturing the protein:
- Variations in the pH (between charged amino acids the electrostatic interactions is changed).
- difference in concentration of salt (does the same).
- temperature change (higher temperatures decrease the strength of hydrogen bonds).
- reduction agent presence (disruption of S-S bonds among cysteines).