Ans.
Protein synthesis involves formation of proteins, during which information present in DNA is used to make polypeptide chains. Hence, amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain is determined by the sequence that may differ in different species having proteins with same amino acid sequence.
Thus, the molecules that are used to compare different species with proteins having exact same amino acid sequences are DNA molecules.
Protein synthesis includes two steps, transcription and translation. During transcription, DNA gets converted into RNA by RNA polymerase enzyme, while during translation, RNA provides information to make proteins.
In RNA information is present as triplets of nucleotides, known as codon. Each code codes for a specific amino acid. There are a total of 64 codons, while number of protein-forming amino acids is 20. Hence, one amino acid can be coded by more than one codon and this property of codons is known as degeneracy of codons.
Thus, two species may have the same protein even if their DNA molecules are different because of degeneracy of codons.
Answer:
The correct choice is option A. Bovines
Explanation:
Ruminant animals chew the cud and that is mostly done by bovines such as cows and as well as buffaloes etc.
Answer:
The cell will swell.
Explanation:
The cells react distinctly when placed in different solutions like hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic solutions. In the mentioned question, that is, in the fluid surrounding the cells, the concentration of salt reduces, which makes the solution hypotonic. Hypotonic solution exhibit high water potential and low solute concentration.
This makes the water move from the hypotonic solution to the inside of the cell as the osmotic movement occurs from high solvent concentration to low solvent concentration, thus, swelling of the cell takes place.
Human activites have greatly increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere and nitrogen levels in the biosphere. Altered Altered biogeochemical cycle combined with climate change increase the vulnerability of biodiversity, food security, human health, and water quality to a changing climate.
