Meiosis in reproductive organs (testes and ovary) produce gametes. Each human cell including reproductive cells contains 23 pair of chromosomes. Meiosis separates the two chromosomes from each pair thus, each gamete receives only one copy of each chromosome. Therefore, each gamete has 23 new chromosomes, one from each of the 23 pairs. During meiosis, exchange of chromosome segment between copies of a pair of chromosomes. The exchange of chromosome segments creates new combinations of genes which enhances genetic variability within a species.
Answer:
The student is wrong, spermatozoa are germinal cells and therefore mitochondrial mutations (likewise genomic nuclear mutations) are inherited by offspring
Explanation:
Although the probabilities of inheriting a mutation from a single sperm cell are low, it since an organism produces millions of sperm cells throughout its life span, the mutations in the germinal cells (i.e., sperms and ovules) are inherited by offspring
Answer:
The notion of maximum parsimony does not consider the entire evolutionary history, being able to suppress important evolutionary points that would cause errors in the evolutionary relationship of a species.
Explanation:
Maximum parsimony is a criterion for optimizing phylogenetic trees. This is because through this criterion an analysis is made of all possible phylogenetic trees of a species, observing which one is smaller and offers simpler and summary information. On the one hand, the study of the smallest phylogenetic tree can be faster and more understandable, since its information is basic and direct. However, maximum parsimony can lead to errors in the establishment of an evolutionary relationship of a species, because it suppresses the entire history of evolution of that species, being able to suppress really important points in one of the clades, which would result in an incorrect evolutionary conclusion.
Meiosis produce cells with half the chromosomes, because a<span> gamete needs only half the number of chromosomes, because two gametes join together. </span>
