Answer:
The hallenges are;
a. Osmoregulatory challenges
i. Water influx
b. Ionoregulatory challenges
i. Salt loss2.
Blood Glucose Level Control, if blood glucose level is too high your pancreas will release insulin, making It an important contribution to homeostasis. I think. pretty sure. hope this helps !
DNA damage systematically causes mutations in the genome and changes genetic information.
The pathways of DNA damage are divided into
Exogenous: due to physical factors (such as UV rays and X and gamma ionizing rays) and chemical factors (desaminants, alkylating agents, oxidizing agents, adducts, nucleotide analogues ...).
Endogenous: they are physiological factors (oxidation desamination, depurination ...).
<u>The consequences of these lesions are:
</u>
* Nucleotide substitution (one or more nucleotides)
* Insertion and deletion of nucleotides (one or more nucleotides): addition or deletion of nucleotides within the genome.