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3 years ago

Why are different detergents made for cleaning different surfaces and how their chemical structure/composition affects this?

1 answer:

5 0

Answer: This is because of the different chemical composition of the types of detergents affects their cleansing actions.

Explanation:

Detergent means any substance which has the ability to clean an object. This includes soaps, soap powers and dish washing liquids as well as water. Detergents fall into two main types

--> Soapy detergents and

--> Soapless detergents

Soapy detergents are sodium salts of fatty acids. They are saponification products of fats and oils. In the chemical composition, each molecule of soap possesses a long hydrocarbon chain attached to an ionic head. The hydrocarbon tail is hydrophobic, so it is insoluble in water but soluble in oil and organic solvents. The ionic head is hydrophilic, so it is soluble in water. Due to this dual nature, when is dissolved in water, the soap molecule forms spherical clusters called MICELLES( hydrocarbon tails points inward and ionic heads point outward). Repulsion between the similarly charged ionic heads keeps the micelles apart. This property helps the soapy detergent to lift grease from grease coated fabrics when applied to it.

While the chemical properties of the Soapless detergents has a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head. The hydrophobic tail is either a long chain hydrocarbon or a benzene ring with a long alkyl group attached. The hydrophilic head, unlike the Soapy detergents, can be positively or negatively charged or even neutral. These chemical properties makes it to have a more favourable and wider application than soapy detergent.it is suitable for washing acid - sensitive fabrics and for breaking up oil slicks.

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If 7.83 g of H 2 is reacted with 15.7 g of O 2 in the reaction 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O , what is the limiting reagent?

Marrrta [24]

When you take 7.83 g of H2, you convert to moles by dividing by the molar mass (2.02) and multiply by the number of H2s over H2Os. Then do the same for the O2. the limiting reagent in this case is the Oxygen by what I calculated.

8 0

3 years ago

SO42- 2NO2 H2OH2SO3 2NO3- In the above redox reaction, using oxidation numbers to identify the element oxidized, the element red

nignag [31]

Answer : In the redox reaction,

Nitrogen element is oxidized and sulfur element is reduced.

$NO_2$ act as reducing agent and $SO_4^{2-}$ act as an oxidizing agent.

Explanation :

Redox reaction or Oxidation-reduction reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which the oxidation and reduction reaction takes place simultaneously.

Oxidation reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which a substance looses its electrons. In this, oxidation state of an element increases. Or we can say that in oxidation, the loss of electrons takes place.

Reduction reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which a substance gains electrons. In this, oxidation state of an element decreases. Or we can say that in reduction, the gain of electrons takes place.

Reducing agent : It is defined as the agent which helps the other substance to reduce and itself gets oxidized. Thus, it will undergo oxidation reaction.

Oxidizing agent : It is defined as the agent which helps the other substance to oxidize and itself gets reduced. Thus, it will undergo reduction reaction.

The given chemical reaction is,

$SO_4^{2-}+2NO_2+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_3+2NO_3^-$

This reaction is a redox reaction in which nitrogen shows oxidation reaction because the oxidation state of 'N' changes from (+4) to (+5) and sulfur shows reduction reaction because the oxidation state of 'S' changes from (+6) to (+4).

In the redox reaction $NO_2$ act as reducing agent and $SO_4^{2-}$ act as an oxidizing agent.

6 0

4 years ago

Electronic transitions (i.e., absorption of uv or visible light) of the conjugated molecule butadiene can be approximated using

dlinn [17]

Answer:

2.51 Angstroms

Explanation:

For a particle in a one dimensional box, the energy level, En, is given by the expression:

En = n²π² ħ² / 2ma²

where n is the energy level, ħ² is Planck constant divided into 2π, m is the mass of the electron ( 9.1 x 10⁻³¹ Kg ), and a is the length of the one dimensional box.

We can calculate the change in energy, ΔE, from n = 2 to n= 3 since we know the wavelength of the transition ( ΔE = h c/λ ) and then substitute this value for the expresion of the ΔE for a particle in a box and solve for the length a.

λ = 207 nm x 1 x 10⁻⁹ m/nm = 2.07 x 10⁻⁷ m ( SI units )

ΔE = 6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J·s x 3 x 10⁸ m/s / 2.07 x 10⁻⁷ m

ΔE = 9.60 x 10⁻¹⁹ J

ΔE(2⇒3) = ( 3 - 2 ) x π² x ( 6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J·s / 2π )² / ( 2 x 9.1 x 10⁻³¹ Kg x a² )

9.60 x 10⁻¹⁹ J = π² x( 6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J·s / 2π )² / ( 2 x 9.1 x 10⁻³¹ Kg x a² )

⇒ a = 2.51 x 10⁻¹⁰ m

Converting to Angstroms:

a = 2.51 x 10⁻¹⁰ m x 1 x 10¹⁰ Angstrom / m = 2.51 Angstroms

6 0

4 years ago

What is the test used to diffferentate Be(OH) from Ba(OH)?

OleMash [197]

Ba (OH) 2 Ba(OH) 2 is a string electrolyte, determine the concentration of each of the individual in a 0.400m Ba (OH)20.400m

6 0

2 years ago

A 1.00 L flask is filled with 1.15 g of argon at 25 ∘C. A sample of ethane vapor is added to the same flask until the total pres

tatiyna

Answer:

The partial pressure of argon in the flask = 71.326 K pa

Explanation:

Volume off the flask = 0.001 $m^{3}$

Mass of the gas = 1.15 gm = 0.00115 kg

Temperature = 25 ° c = 298 K

Gas constant for Argon R = 208.13 $\frac{J}{kg k}$

From ideal gas equation P V = m RT

⇒ P = $\frac{m R T}{V}$

Put all the values in above formula we get

⇒ P = $\frac{0.00115}{0.001}$ × 208.13 × 298

⇒ P = 71.326 K pa

Therefore, the partial pressure of argon in the flask = 71.326 K pa

4 0

4 years ago