Answer:
Electrons are far apart from the nucleus as we move down the group.
Explanation:
The ionization energy is the amount of energy which is necessary to remove an electron from an atom.
In an atom there exist a force of attraction at the center (nucleus). This is because of the positive charge which exists in the nucleus. This force of attraction is less felt as the distance between the electron and the proton increases. Hence the ionization energy increases as the number of shells increases for an atom. As we move down the group in the periodic table, the number of shells increases which implies a decrease in ionization energy.
John Dalton was a scientist who proposed that all matter consists of atoms. At this stage, no one had yet discovered neutrons and the nucleus. As a result, Dalton's model consisted of a single atom i.e. the atom was the smallest object.
A mass spectrometer is an instrument that is able to see what is inside an atom. Scientists have been able to prove that the item is not the smallest object in the world. Atoms are made up of smaller objects called protons, neutrons and electrons.
We can, therefore, safely conclude that data from mass spectrometry has helped modern scientists to make modifications to Dalton's model. <span>
</span>
Elements in the third row can break the octet rule
The volume of a gas is the same as its CONTAINER.
Gases generally has no shape and no definite volume. When a gas is placed in a container, the gas usually takes the shape and the volume of the container, that is, the gas fills up all the available spaces in the container. Thus, the volume of a gas will always be the same as its container. This is in contrast with solids, which have definite shape and volume and liquids, which have definite volume but no fixed shape.
Explanation:
The radial distribution function gives the probability density for an electron to be found anywhere on the surface of a sphere located a distance r from the proton. Since the area of a spherical surface is 4πr2, the radial distribution function is given by 4πr2R(r)∗R(r).
I
