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Maru [420]
3 years ago
11

Which best describes how a pH test strip works?

Chemistry
2 answers:
Vikki [24]3 years ago
6 0

Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A pH strip is a strip which helps in determining whether a solution is acidic or basic in nature.

That is, if a solution is acidic in nature then a pH strip will change from blue to red. Whereas when a solution is basic in nature then a pH strip will change from red to blue.

Thus, we can conclude that statement molecules in the paper react differently with hydronium and hydroxide ions, best describes how a pH test strip works.

NISA [10]3 years ago
4 0
Molecules in the paper react differently with Hydronium and Hydroxide.

pH paper deals with acidity and basicity of something.  You are correct in thinking that A is the answer. Always go with your gut. don't be like me when I was in college who always second guessed my answers. Good luck with chemistry.
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Given the following balanced equation, if the rate of O2 loss is 3.64 × 10-3 M/s, what is the rate of formation of SO3? 2 SO2(g)
Fynjy0 [20]

Answer:

Rate of formation of SO₃ [\frac{d[SO_{3}] }{dt}] = 7.28 x 10⁻³ M/s

Explanation:

According to equation   2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 SO₃(g)

Rate of disappearance of reactants = rate of appearance of products

                     ⇒ -\frac{1}{2} \frac{d[SO_{2} ]}{dt} = -\frac{d[O_{2} ]}{dt}=\frac{1}{2} \frac{d[SO_{3} ]}{dt}  -----------------------------(1)

    Given that the rate of disappearance of oxygen = -\frac{d[O_{2} ]}{dt} = 3.64 x 10⁻³ M/s

             So the rate of formation of SO₃ [\frac{d[SO_{3}] }{dt}] = ?

from equation (1) we can write

                                   \frac{d[SO_{3}] }{dt} = 2 [-\frac{d[O_{2}] }{dt} ]

                                ⇒ \frac{d[SO_{3}] }{dt} = 2 x 3.64 x 10⁻³ M/s

                                ⇒ [\frac{d[SO_{3}] }{dt}] = 7.28 x 10⁻³ M/s

∴ So the rate of formation of SO₃ [\frac{d[SO_{3}] }{dt}] = 7.28 x 10⁻³ M/s

7 0
3 years ago
Why do you require an acid catalyst to make an ester? Why not just mix acid and alcohol? Describe an alternate method of making
djverab [1.8K]

Answer:Acid catalyst is needed to increase the electrophilicity of Carbonyl group of Carboxylic acid as alcohol is a weak nucleophile.

Alternatively esters can be synthesised by converting carboxylic acid into acyl chloride using thionyl chloride(SOCl_{2} and then further treating acyl chloride with alcohol.

Carboxylic acid and esters can be easily distinguished on the basis of IR as carboxylic acid would contain a broad intense peak in 2500-3200cm_{-1} corresponding to OH stretching frequency whereas esters would not contain any such broad intense peak.

Alcohol and esters can also be distinguished using IR as alcohols would contain a broad intense peak at around 3200-3600cm_{-1}

Explanation: For the synthesis of esters using alcohol and carboxylic acid we need to add a little amount of acid in the reaction . The acid used here increases the electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon and hence makes it easier for a weaker nucleophile like alcohol to attack the carbonyl carbon of acid.

The oxygen of the carbonyl group is protonated using the acidic proton which  leads to the generation of positive charge on the oxygen. The positive charge generated is delocalised over the whole acid molecule and hence the electrophilicity of carbonyl group is increased. Kindly refer attachment for the structures.

If we simply mix the acid and alcohol then no appreciable reaction would take place between them and ester formation would not take place because the carboxylic acid in that case is not a good electrophile whereas alcohol is also not a very strong nucleophile which can attack the carbonyl group.

Alternatively we can use thionyl chloride or any other reagent which can convert the carboxylic acid into acyl chloride. Acyl chloride is very elctrophilic and alcohol can very easily attack the acyl chloride and esters could be synthesized.

The carboxylic acid and ester can very easily be distinguished on the basis of broad intense OH stretching frequency peak at around 2500-3200cm_{-1} . The broad intense OH stretching frequency peak is present in carboxylic acids as they contain OH groups and absent in case of esters .

Likewise esters and alcohols can also be distinguished on the basis IR spectra as alcohols will have broad intense spectra  at around 3200-3600cm_{-1}corresponding to OH stretching frequency whereas esters will not have any such peak. Rather esters would be having a Carbonyl stretching frequency at around 1720-1760

4 0
3 years ago
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Anni [7]

Answer:

Darker colored items absorb more of the sunlight.

Explanation:

Lighter colored item tend to reflect more of the sunlight

8 0
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Answer:

Both cones and flowers produce seeds and are used for reproduction. ... The male cones release pollen which is carried by the wind to a female cone. A pollen tube is formed and pollen is transferred to fertilize the female cone's egg

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