The 14th amendment states most rights found in the Bill of Rights be protected from the state government orders and processes, as well.
The bill of rights protected citizens against federal infringement of their rights
Hongwu created a form of Martial Rule. He expected everyone to obey his rules and if they failed to do so they were subjected to execution or tortures. He was a tyrant Emperor who trusted no one but his family, if he finds anything suspicious about his advisers he would immediately have them killed or torture. This was a time in China where coups and other acts of sedition were not even attempted by the people of China because of their fear of exaggerated punishment.
I believe it is C. Hope this helps and give me branliest or failure.
A wind blowing from the west.