<span>The polar molecules possess the permanent dipole moments caused by slight charge separation in the molecule. In the case of non-polar molecules, the induced electric dipoles are created by an applied electric field causing the slight separation of positive and negative charges in the molecules. The induced electric dipoles are much weaker than permanent electric dipoles.</span>
Answer:
a) ![E_{cell} = - 0.825 V](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_%7Bcell%7D%20%3D%20-%200.825%20V)
The electro-chemical cell is non spontaneous because
is negative
b) ![E_{cell} = 0.733 V](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_%7Bcell%7D%20%3D%200.733%20V)
The electro-chemical cell is spontaneous because
is positive
Explanation:
a)
![Cu^{2+} = 0.14 M\\Fe^{2+} = 0.0040 M\\E_{Cu^{2+} /Cu} ^{0} = 0.339 V\\E_{Fe^{2+} /Fe} ^{0} = -0.440 V](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Cu%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%3D%200.14%20M%5C%5CFe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%3D%200.0040%20M%5C%5CE_%7BCu%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%2FCu%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20%3D%200.339%20V%5C%5CE_%7BFe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%2FFe%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20%3D%20-0.440%20V)
Electron change, n = 2
![Cu || Cu^{2+} (0.14 M) || Fe^{2+} (0.0040M) | Fe(s)\\Cu + Fe^{2+} \rightarrow Fe(s) + Cu^{2+} (aq)\\ E_{cell} ^{0} = E_{anode} ^{0} - E_{cathode} ^{0}\\E_{cell} ^{0} = E_{Fe^{2+}/Fe } ^{0} - E_{Cu^{2+}/Cu} ^{0}\\E_{cell} ^{0} = -0.440 - 0.339\\E_{cell} ^{0} = -0.779 V\\E_{cell} = E_{cell} ^{0} - \frac{0.0591}{n} log(\frac{Cu^{2+} }{Fe^{2+} } )\\E_{cell} = -0.779 - \frac{0.0591}{2} log(\frac{0.14}{0.0040 } )\\E_{cell} = - 0.825](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Cu%20%7C%7C%20Cu%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%280.14%20M%29%20%7C%7C%20Fe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%280.0040M%29%20%7C%20Fe%28s%29%5C%5CCu%20%2B%20Fe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%5Crightarrow%20Fe%28s%29%20%2B%20Cu%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%28aq%29%5C%5C%20E_%7Bcell%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20%3D%20E_%7Banode%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20-%20E_%7Bcathode%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%5C%5CE_%7Bcell%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20%3D%20E_%7BFe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%2FFe%20%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20-%20E_%7BCu%5E%7B2%2B%7D%2FCu%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%5C%5CE_%7Bcell%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20%3D%20-0.440%20-%200.339%5C%5CE_%7Bcell%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20%3D%20-0.779%20V%5C%5CE_%7Bcell%7D%20%3D%20E_%7Bcell%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20-%20%5Cfrac%7B0.0591%7D%7Bn%7D%20log%28%5Cfrac%7BCu%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%7D%7BFe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%7D%20%29%5C%5CE_%7Bcell%7D%20%3D%20-0.779%20-%20%5Cfrac%7B0.0591%7D%7B2%7D%20log%28%5Cfrac%7B0.14%7D%7B0.0040%20%7D%20%29%5C%5CE_%7Bcell%7D%20%3D%20-%200.825)
The electro-chemical cell is non spontaneous because
is negative
b)
![Sn^{4+} = 0.11 M\\ Sn^{2+} = 0.0067 M\\Fe^{2+} = 0.0019 M\\Fe^{3+} = 0.15 M\\E_{Sn^{4+} /Sn^{2+}} ^{0} = 0.154 V\\E_{Fe^{3+} /Fe^{2+}} ^{0} = 0.771 V](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Sn%5E%7B4%2B%7D%20%3D%200.11%20M%5C%5C%20Sn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%3D%200.0067%20M%5C%5CFe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%3D%200.0019%20M%5C%5CFe%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%3D%200.15%20M%5C%5CE_%7BSn%5E%7B4%2B%7D%20%2FSn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20%3D%200.154%20V%5C%5CE_%7BFe%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2FFe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20%3D%200.771%20V)
Electron change, n = 2
![Pt || Sn^{2+} (0.0067 M) || Sn^{4+} (0.11 M) | Fe^{3+}(0.15 M)\\Sn^{2+} + 2Fe^{3+} \rightarrow Sn^{4+} + 2Fe^{2+} (aq)\\ E_{cell} ^{0} = E_{anode} ^{0} - E_{cathode} ^{0}\\E_{cell} ^{0} = E_{Fe^{3+}/Fe^{2+} } ^{0} - E_{Sn^{4+}/Sn{2+}} ^{0}\\E_{cell} ^{0} = 0.771 - 0.154\\E_{cell} ^{0} = 0.617 V\\E_{cell} = E_{cell} ^{0} - \frac{0.0591}{n} log(\frac{[Fe^{2+}]^2 [Sn^{4+}]}{[Fe^{3+}]^2 [Sn^{2+}] } )\\E_{cell} = 0.617 - \frac{0.0591}{2} log(\frac{0.0019^2 * 0.11}{0.15^2 * 0.154 } )\\E_{cell} = 0.733 V](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Pt%20%7C%7C%20Sn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%280.0067%20M%29%20%7C%7C%20Sn%5E%7B4%2B%7D%20%280.11%20M%29%20%7C%20Fe%5E%7B3%2B%7D%280.15%20M%29%5C%5CSn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%2B%202Fe%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%5Crightarrow%20Sn%5E%7B4%2B%7D%20%2B%202Fe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%28aq%29%5C%5C%20E_%7Bcell%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20%3D%20E_%7Banode%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20-%20E_%7Bcathode%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%5C%5CE_%7Bcell%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20%3D%20E_%7BFe%5E%7B3%2B%7D%2FFe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20-%20E_%7BSn%5E%7B4%2B%7D%2FSn%7B2%2B%7D%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%5C%5CE_%7Bcell%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20%3D%200.771%20-%200.154%5C%5CE_%7Bcell%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20%3D%200.617%20V%5C%5CE_%7Bcell%7D%20%3D%20E_%7Bcell%7D%20%5E%7B0%7D%20-%20%5Cfrac%7B0.0591%7D%7Bn%7D%20log%28%5Cfrac%7B%5BFe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D%5E2%20%20%5BSn%5E%7B4%2B%7D%5D%7D%7B%5BFe%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5D%5E2%20%5BSn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D%20%7D%20%29%5C%5CE_%7Bcell%7D%20%3D%200.617%20-%20%5Cfrac%7B0.0591%7D%7B2%7D%20log%28%5Cfrac%7B0.0019%5E2%20%2A%200.11%7D%7B0.15%5E2%20%2A%200.154%20%7D%20%29%5C%5CE_%7Bcell%7D%20%3D%200.733%20V)
The electro-chemical cell is spontaneous because
is positive
Answer:
As the sun's angle changes, (because of the rotation of the earth) the sun slowly begins to shine more or less sunshine slowly. When sunsets and sunrises occur, the color of the sky changes because the sunshine is starting to fade out or in.
I put it in my own words so you don't have to worry about plagiarism :)
Explanation:
the solid substance which left on the filter paper is called Residue