Answer:
Reference image attached
Explanation:
Please see the attached image.
Intermolecular forces in solids are strongest than in liquids and gases. Gases have the least strong intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces are weak and are significant over short distances between molecules (determined by Coulomb’s law). The farther away from the molecules the weaker the intermolecular forces. Since molecules in solids are the closest, the intermolecular force between them as the strongest. Conversely, since gas molecules are farthest apart, the intermolecular forces between them are the weakest.
24.6 ℃
<h3>Explanation</h3>
Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide reacts by the following equation:
which is equivalent to
The question states that the second equation has an enthalpy, or "heat", of neutralization of 
. Thus the combination of every mole of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in solution would produce 
or 
of energy.
500 milliliter of a 0.50 mol per liter "M" solution contains 0.25 moles of the solute. There are thus 0.25 moles of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in the two 0.500 milliliter solutions, respectively. They would combine to release 
of energy.
Both the solution and the calorimeter absorb energy released in this neutralization reaction. Their temperature change is dependent on the heat capacity <em>C</em> of the two objects, combined.
The question has given the heat capacity of the calorimeter directly.
The heat capacity (the one without mass in the unit) of water is to be calculated from its mass and <em>specific</em> heat.
The calorimeter contains 1.00 liters or 
of the 1.0 gram per milliliter solution. Accordingly, it would have a mass of 
.
The solution has a specific heat of 
. The solution thus have a heat capacity of 
. Note that one degree Kelvins K is equivalent to one degree celsius ℃ in temperature change measurements.
The calorimeter-solution system thus has a heat capacity of 
, meaning that its temperature would rise by 1 degree celsius on the absorption of 4.634 × 10³ joules of energy. 
are available from the reaction. Thus, the temperature of the system shall have risen by 3.03 degrees celsius to 24.6 degrees celsius by the end of the reaction.
Answer:
Ammonia gas(an alkaline gas with characteristics of choking or irritating smell) is not liberated when 6mole of HCl is added to the solution instead of 6mole of NaOH, to test for the presence of ammonium ion in the solution
Explanation:
As expected, when testing for ammonium ion in a solution (precisely ammonium salt solution), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is required as the test reagent.
When NaOH is added to the solution, A gas with characteristics of choking or irritating smell is liberated.
This gas turn red litmus paper blue.
This liberated gas is an alkaline gas, which is confirmed as an ammonia gas(NH3).
If HCl is added instead of NaOH, the ammonia gas will not be liberated, which indicates that the test reagent used is wrong.
Elements of Group 1 and group 2 in the periodic
table contain elements so reactive that they are never found in the free state
<u>Explanation</u>:
The metals in group 1 of periodic table consisting of 'alkali metals' which include lithium, potassium, sodium, rubidium, Francium and caesium. They are highly reactive because they have low ionisation energy and larger radius. The group 2 metals consist of 'alkaline earth metals' which include calcium, strontium, barium, beryllium, radium and magnesium. These alkaline earth metal have +2 oxidation number, hence are highly reactive.
These both group metals are mostly reactive and so are never found in a free state. When they are exposed to air they would immediately react with oxygen. Hence, are stored in oils to avoid oxidation.
