<span>Answer: option (4) the same magnitude and the opposite sign.
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Justification:
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</span><span>1) Electrons are negative particles thar are around the nucleus of the atom (in regions called orbitals).
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2) Protons are positive particles that are inside the nuclus of the atom.
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<span>3) The nucleus of the atom has the same number of protons as electrons are in the orbitals of the atom.
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4) The atoms are neutral (neither positive nor negative) because there are the same number of electrons and protons and their charge are of the same magnitude but different sign: (+) + (-) = 0: positive + negative = neutral.</span>
Before Rutherford's discovery, the accepted atomic model was J. J Thompson's Plum Pudding Model. According to J.J Thompson, the atom is composed of negatively charged particles. They were then called 'corpuscles', but now known to be electrons. Outside of this atom, surrounds a cloud of positively charged electrons to balance out the charge of electrons, which makes the atom neutral. The 'plum' were the electrons, whereas the 'pudding' were the protons.
Through Rutherford's gold foil experiment, he disproved J.J Thompson's theory. Rutherford was very interested in studying the behavior of x-rays, which was then recently discovered by Curie. When he shot a beam of alpha particles (particles with 2 neutrons and 2 protons, or the Helium atom) toward the gold foil, the particles were deflected by a slight angle. He then theorized that these deflections were due to the existence of a dense nucleus inside the atom.
Following Rutherford's discovery of the nucleus, Niels Bohr theorized the planetary model of the atomic structure. According to him, the atom is like a solar system wherein the Sun is the nucleus and the planets are the electrons orbiting around it. The electrons and protons move this way because they are influenced by an electric force due to the difference of their charges.
Answer : Option B) Energy from the environment fuels production.
Explanation : Environmental fuels can be produced from lands and contribute towards production. The land can contribute for the production of a Biogas plant and help in generating energy from the plant. It uses mainly decaying matter and household wastes which are decomposed and then produce methane gas is then connected to the household kitchens.
Answer:
Chemical reactions that take place inside living things are called biochemical reactions. The sum of all the biochemical reactions in an organism is called metabolism. Metabolism includes both exothermic (energy-releasing) chemical reactions and endothermic (energy-absorbing) chemical reactions.
Explanation:
Hope this helps :)
Hydrogen ion, strictly, the nucleus of a hydrogen atom separated from its accompanying electron. The hydrogen nucleus is made up of a particle carrying a unit positive electric charge, called a proton. The isolated hydrogen ion, represented by the symbol H+, is therefore customarily used to represent a proton.
