Answer with Explanation:
Gramicidine is an antibiotic that has a polypeptide structure and is composed of 3 chains. This molecule can adopt a structure called beta 6-3 helix, so as to form a channel through the cell membrane of bacteria which allows the passage of ions (in this case cations) such as H +, K + or Na +, this situation leads to that in the cell alterations in the content of cellular cations are generated, among the effects the loss of potassium that can cause the death of the cell due to hemolysis due to alteration in the permeability of the membrane is highlighted. This effect is known as the ionophore effect.
An ionophore effect leads to the inhibition in the release of H + to the mitochondrial electronic transport chain.
Gramicidin thanks to its mechanism of action, when it produces interference specifically in a cellular organelle called mitochondria in the inner mitochondrial membrane, it is responsible for interrupting the passage of electrons, alters the gradient of H + and the performance of the enzyme called ATP- synthase which is responsible for producing ATP.
The damage that the entire previous situation produces on oxidative phosphorylation, leads to the refusal of ADP refosphorylation, then ADP and its hydrolysis products will accumulate, and finally the result will be a decrease in ATP levels.
-Crossing over occurs between prophase 1 and metaphase 1 and is the process where homologous chromosomes pair up with each other and exchange different segments of their genetic material to form recombinant chromosomes. It can also happen during mitotic division, which may result in loss of heterozygosity.
The purpose of the brain's gyri and sulci, or ridges and grooves, is to increase surface area.
<h3>What is the name for the raised ridges in the cerebrum?</h3>
The shallow grooves on the cerebral cortex's surface are referred to as sulci, while the higher tissue ridges are called gyri.
Signals are transferred between nerve cells in different regions of the brain and body through white nerve fibres that are below the skin. The neocortex, a six-layered structure present in animals, has a wrinkled surface that enhances its surface area.
The cerebellum has an odd surface appearance that hides the fact that the cerebellar cortex, a layer of grey matter, makes up the majority of the structure. This layer's ridges are collectively referred to as folium.
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Hey there,
There are many ways waves can shape Earth's surface. For example, the waves can constantly brush up against a rocky ledge or cliff, and it can shape the cliff. It can change it's shape and/or form and can break away the rock or land. The waves can also bang against the rock, making it loose and the rock shapes itself by falling off or apart. This is otherwise known as erosion.
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- I.A. -
I believe its c because bio has to do with life
