<span>In liver, the most intensively studied transmembrane and intracellular signal transduction pathways are the Janus kinase signal transduction pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinases signal transduction pathway, the transforming growth factor β signal transduction pathway, the tumor necrosis factor α signal transduction pathway and the recently discovered sphingolipid signal transduction pathway. All of them are activated by many different cytokines and growth factors. They regulate specific cell mechanisms such as hepatocytes proliferation, growth, differentiation, adhesion, apoptosis, and synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. The replication cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is intracellular and requires signal </span>
Down syndrome is caused by the nondisjuction of the chromosome 21.
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Learn more: brainly.com/question/9782041
Answer:
metaphase
Explanation:
This is where chromosomes meet in the middle (meta-middle) and line up
The protein enables the muscles to...
Protein is the building block of your muscles. Therefore, eating adequate amounts of protein helps you maintain your muscle mass and promotes muscle growth when you do strength training.
Answer: Commensalism means that one species benefits from the relationship and the other is unaffected.
Explanation:
its simple tbh
