The given question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows.
The irregularly shaped area of charge in the figure has surface charge density ηi. Each dimension (x and y) of the area is reduced by a factor of 3.68.
What is the ratio ηf/ηi where ηf is the final surface charge density? I found this value to be 13.5 and it is correct
An electron is very far from the area. What is the ratioFf/Fi of the electric force on the electronafter the area is reduced to the force before the area wasreduced? I found this to also be 13.5, but it is wrong.
Explanation:
Let us consider that expression for area will be as follows.
Area (
) = 
As, 
= 13.5
Also,
= 1
As the electron is very far from the area. Hence, it can be considered as a point charge. Whereas charge is also constant as the force is not changing.
1) 0.1 kWh
Explanation:
The power of the lightbulb is:

The energy used by the lightbulb is equal to the product between the power (P) and the time (t):

Since the bulb has been left on for t = 1 h, the total electrical energy used is

2) $ 0.018
Explanation:
The company charges $0.18 per each kilowatt-hour. So, we can find the total cost charged for using 0.1 kWh of electricity by setting the following proportion:
$0.18 : 1 kWh = x : 0.1 kWh
And solving for x, we find

Answer:
Generally with successive half-life a new element is formed from the decayed nuclei:
isotope - daughter nucleus has same no. of protons (same atomic number) so the same element is formed in the decay
isotone - daughter nucleus has same number of neutrons so the atomic number has changed and a new element is formed (new atomic number)
isobar - daughter nucleus has same mass number - this could be an example of beta decay where the decayed nucleus has the same mass number but loses a neutron and gains a proton because of the lost electron and a new element is formed with the atomic number increases by 1
Example:
U238 Uranium - alpha to Th234
Th234 Thorium - 2 beta to U234 (back to U but atomic mass less by 4)
U234 Uranium - alpha to Th230
Th230 Thorium - alpha to Ra226
etc. but during beta decay (electron loss) a neutron is lost and a proton gained (answer a)
Answer:
Angle and speed of wave
Explanation:
The two phenomena involved here are:
- Reflection: reflection occurs when a light wave bounces off the interface between two mediums, returning into the first medium, at a different angle
- Refraction: refraction occurs when a light wave passes through the interface between the two mediums, passing into the second medium, changing direction and speed
The coefficient of reflection tells what is the fraction of the wave that is reflected over the total; it is calculated as

where
are the index of refraction of the 1st and 2nd medium
are the angle between the ray of light and the normal to the interface in the 1st and 2nd medium
From the formula, we see that the % of wave that is reflected depends on the angle and the index of refraction. Moreover, the index of refraction is related to the speed of the wave by:

where c is the speed of light in a vacuum and v the speed of light in the medium; therefore, the correct answer is
Angle and speed of wave
Let x = the angle of elevation for shooting the arrow.
Assume
g = 9.8 m/s²
No wind resistance
The vertical launch velocity is 25.1 sin(x) m/s
The horizontal velocity is 25.1 cos(x) m/s
The time of flight is
24/[25.1 cos(x)] s = 0.9562 sec(x) s
Therefore
0.5*[0.9562 sec(x)]*(9.8) = 25.1 sin(x)
4.6854 = 25.1* sin(x)cos(x)
sin(2x) = 0.3733
2x = sin⁻¹ 0.3733 = 21.92 deg
x = 10.96 deg
Answer: 11 degrees (nearest integer)