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svp [43]
3 years ago
13

Reaction intermediates differ from activated complexes in that A. they are stable molecules with normal bonds and are frequently

isolated. B. they are molecules with normal bonds rather than partial bonds and can occasionally be isolated. C. they are intermediate structures which have characteristics of both reactants and products. D. they are unstable and can never be isolated. E. all reactions involve reaction intermediates, but not all have activated complexes.
Chemistry
1 answer:
vova2212 [387]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

they are molecules with normal bonds rather than partial bonds and can occasionally be isolated.

Explanation:

In chemistry, reaction intermediates are species that are formed from reactants and are subsequently being transformed into products as the reaction progresses. In other words,  reaction intermediates are species that do not appear in a balanced reaction equation but occur somewhere along the reaction mechanism of a non-elementary reaction. They are usually short lived species that possess a high amount of energy. They may or may not be isolated.

They are often molecular species with normal bonds unlike activated complexes that are sometimes hypervalent species.

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Given the partial equation:
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Answer : The balanced chemical equation in acidic medium will be,

IO_3^-(aq)+2Sn^{2+}(aq)+6H^+(aq)\rightarrow I^-(aq)+2Sn^{4+}(aq)+3H_2O(l)

Explanation :

Redox reaction or Oxidation-reduction reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which the oxidation and reduction reaction takes place simultaneously.

Oxidation reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which a substance looses its electrons. In this, oxidation state of an element increases. Or we can say that in oxidation, the loss of electrons takes place.

Reduction reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which a substance gains electrons. In this, oxidation state of an element decreases. Or we can say that in reduction, the gain of electrons takes place.

Rules for the balanced chemical equation in acidic solution are :

First we have to write into the two half-reactions.

Now balance the main atoms in the reaction.

Now balance the hydrogen and oxygen atoms on both the sides of the reaction.

If the oxygen atoms are not balanced on both the sides then adding water molecules at that side where the less number of oxygen are present.

If the hydrogen atoms are not balanced on both the sides then adding hydrogen ion (H^+) at that side where the less number of hydrogen are present.

Now balance the charge.

The given chemical reaction is,

IO_3^-(aq)+Sn^{2+}(aq)\rightarrow I^-(aq)+Sn^{4+}(aq)

The oxidation-reduction half reaction will be :

Oxidation : Sn^{2+}\rightarrow Sn^{4+}

Reduction : IO_3^-\rightarrow I^-

First balance the main element in the reaction.

Oxidation : Sn^{2+}\rightarrow Sn^{4+}

Reduction : IO_3^-\rightarrow I^-

Now balance oxygen atom on both side.

Oxidation : Sn^{2+}\rightarrow Sn^{4+}

Reduction : IO_3^-\rightarrow I^-+3H_2O

Now balance hydrogen atom on both side.

Oxidation : Sn^{2+}\rightarrow Sn^{4+}

Reduction : IO_3^-+6H^+\rightarrow I^-+3H_2O

Now balance the charge.

Oxidation : Sn^{2+}\rightarrow Sn^{4+}+2e^-

Reduction : IO_3^-+6H^++4e^-\rightarrow I^-+3H_2O

The charges are not balanced on both side of the reaction. Thus, we are multiplying oxidation reaction by 2 and the adding both equation, we get the balanced redox reaction.

Oxidation : 2Sn^{2+}\rightarrow 2Sn^{4+}+4e^-

Reduction : IO_3^-+6H^++4e^-\rightarrow I^-+3H_2O

The balanced chemical equation in acidic medium will be,

IO_3^-(aq)+2Sn^{2+}(aq)+6H^+(aq)\rightarrow I^-(aq)+2Sn^{4+}(aq)+3H_2O(l)

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