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svp [43]
3 years ago
13

Reaction intermediates differ from activated complexes in that A. they are stable molecules with normal bonds and are frequently

isolated. B. they are molecules with normal bonds rather than partial bonds and can occasionally be isolated. C. they are intermediate structures which have characteristics of both reactants and products. D. they are unstable and can never be isolated. E. all reactions involve reaction intermediates, but not all have activated complexes.
Chemistry
1 answer:
vova2212 [387]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

they are molecules with normal bonds rather than partial bonds and can occasionally be isolated.

Explanation:

In chemistry, reaction intermediates are species that are formed from reactants and are subsequently being transformed into products as the reaction progresses. In other words,  reaction intermediates are species that do not appear in a balanced reaction equation but occur somewhere along the reaction mechanism of a non-elementary reaction. They are usually short lived species that possess a high amount of energy. They may or may not be isolated.

They are often molecular species with normal bonds unlike activated complexes that are sometimes hypervalent species.

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A. Heat is released, so the reaction is <u>exothermic</u>.

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Calculate the total amount of energy required to change 10.0 g of water from 35.0 degrees Celsius to 110. degrees Celsius.
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Answer:

The total amount of energy required is 25,515.2 J.

Explanation:

Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.

When a system absorbs (or gives up) a certain amount of heat, it can happen that:

  • experience a change in its temperature, which involves sensible heat,
  • undergoes a phase change at constant temperature, or latent heat.

To calculate the latent heat the formula is used:

Q = m. L

Where

  • Q: amount of heat
  • m: mass
  • L: latent heat

To calculate sensible heat the following formula is used:

Q = m. c. ΔT

where:

  • Q: amount of sensible heat  
  • m: body mass
  • c: specific heat of the substance
  • ΔT: temperature range

In this case, you have in the first place a heat to raise the temp of the water from 35.0 C to 100 C, where the specific heat value for water is  4.184 \frac{J}{g*C}:

q1 = m*c*(Tfinal-Tinitial)

q1 = 10.0 g *(4.184 \frac{J}{g*C})* (100 - 35.0 C) = 2719.6 J

Now you have the heat to vaporize the water, where the heat of vaporization is 2259.36 \frac{J}{g}:

q2 = m*(heat of vaporization)

q2 = 10.0 g*(2259.36 \frac{J}{g}) = 22593.6 J

Finally, you have the heat to raise temp of steam to 110 C, where the specific heat value for steam is  2.02 \frac{J}{g*C} :

q3 = m*c*(Tfinal-Tinitial)

q3 = 10.0 g*(2.02 \frac{J}{g*C})*(110-100 C) = 202 J

The total amount of energy can be calculated as:

Q= q1 + q2 + q3

Q= 2719.6 J + 22593.6 J + 202 J

Q=25,515.2 J

<u><em>The total amount of energy required is 25,515.2 J.</em></u>

5 0
3 years ago
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