Answer:
The forward reaction is exothermic.
Explanation:
- Le Châtelier's principle states that when there is an dynamic equilibrium, and this equilibrium is disturbed by an external factor, the equilibrium will be shifted in the direction that can cancel the effect of the external factor to reattain the equilibrium.
- When the mixture turned darker brown, this means that the reaction is shifted towards the left direction (reactants side).
- The temperature is increased and the reaction shifted to the reverse direction, this means that the forward direction is exothermic.
- Exothermic reaction releases heat and when increasing the temperature, the reaction will be shifted to the reverse direction to suppress the effect of increasing the temperature.
- <em>So the right choice is: The forward reaction is exothermic. </em>
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Most deep earthquakes occur at convergent boundaries because at convergent boundaries, the pressure is more dense than it is anywhere else. Hope this helped
It would have 11 valance electrons.
Example/Explanation:
Say we are talking about groups 10. Group 10 would have 10 valance electrons because of the atom's electronic arrangement in the periodic table.
Answer:
a. See figure 1
b. See figure 2
c. Three cycles
d. Four Acetyl-CoAs
Explanation:
<u>a. Draw the condensed structural formula for the activated form of caprylic acid</u>
<u />
For the activation of the fatty acid, an ATP molecule is needed to bind AMP in the acid group and then an Acetyl-CoA molecule to generate the <u>activated fatty acid</u>. (See figure 1)
<u>b. Indicate the α- & β-carbon atoms in caprylic acid</u>
<u />
By definition, the alpha and beta carbons are the carbons that are in positions 2 and 3 respectively to the main carbon. In this case, the main carbon is the carbon from the acid group, therefore the <u>alpha carbon</u> will be carbon 2 (red arrow) and the <u>beta carbon</u> will be carbon 3 (blue arrow). (See figure 2).
<u>c. State the number of β-oxidation cycles for the complete oxidation of caprylic acid.</u>
<u />
To calculate the cycles we have to use the equation:
<u />
, where n is the amount of carbons, in this case, we have 8 carbons, so:
<u>
</u>
<u>We will have 3 cycles</u>. (See figure 3)
<u>d. State the number of acetyl-CoAs from the complete oxidation of caprylic acid</u>
In the β-oxidation metabolic cycle, we have a relationship between Acetyl-CoA produced and the number of carbons:
if n=8 we will have:
<u>We will have 4 Acetyl-CoAs</u>.
I hope it helps!