Answer:
(a) Set of rational numbers
(b) ![\pi + (-\pi) = 0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cpi%20%2B%20%28-%5Cpi%29%20%3D%200)
Step-by-step explanation:
Solving (a): Set that is closed under subtraction
The solution to this is rational numbers.
For a set of number to be closed under subtraction, the following condition must be true
![a -b = c](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=a%20-b%20%3D%20c)
Where
a, b, c are of the same set.
The above is only true for rational numbers.
e.g.
![1 - 2 = -1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1%20-%202%20%3D%20-1)
![5 - 5 = 0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=5%20-%205%20%3D%200)
![\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20-%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D)
![4 - 2 = 2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=4%20-%202%20%3D%202)
The operations and the result in the above samples are rational numbers.
Solving (b): Choice not close under addition[See attachment for options]
As stated in (a)
For a set of number to be closed under subtraction, the following condition must be true
![a -b = c](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=a%20-b%20%3D%20c)
Where
a, b, c are of the same set.
In the given options (a) to (d), only
is not close under addition because:
is irrational while
is rational
<em>In other words, they belong to different set</em>