Genetic variation is an effect
This is parasitism because one organism (mosquito) is benefitting (by acquiring nutrition) and the other organism (human) is harmed (by the red itchy bump).
The correct answer is choice B. Nondisjunction.
Nondisjunction disorder occurs when either the homologous chromosomes or the sister chromatids fail to disconnect properly during cell division. This failure results in daughter cells with an abnormality in chromosomes.
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Most of the ways to stop invasive animal species from entering the Great Lakes ecosystem is starting with people themselves. try not to plant anything that would be invasive to the echo system and also try helping out by cleaning out the Great Lakes by picking up litter and so forth