Reduction
Reduction is the second step of the Calvin cycle which would be affected first by a lack of NADPH.
The Calvin cycle is the group of chemical processes that occur within the chloroplasts during photosynthesis . The three main steps in Calvin cycle are carbon fixation (Carboxylation), reduction, and regeneration of the starting molecule. In the reduction step, NADPH acts as a reducing agent which functions by transferring electrons that allow carbohydrates to be synthesized from carbon dioxide. During these step, there is transfer of two electrons and one proton to the phosphorylated compound by NADPH which produces one phosphate group to form the triose phosphates.
Answer:
Chloroplasts produce energy for the plants. The energy the make id glucose or C^6H^12O^6. The mitochondria produces glucose in the form of ATP.
Explanation:
Answer: May occur in response to growth factors
Explanation:
Hyperplasia is increased cell production in a normal tissue or organ. Hyperplasia may be a sign of abnormal or precancerous changes. This is called pathologic hyperplasia.
Pathologic hyperplasia can occur in response to hormones and growth factors (for example in endometrial hyperplasia, the hyperplasia caused by excessive hormonal stimulation or growth factors acting on target. Thus, patients with hyperplasia of the endometrium are at increased risk for developing endometrial cancer.)
Hyperplasia is also an important response of connective tissue cells in wound healing, in which proliferating fibroblasts and blood vessels aid in repair.
Under normal circumstances, growth factors are responsible for the hyperplasia. Stimulation by growth factors is also involved in the hyperplasia that is associated with certain viral infections, such as papillomaviruses, which cause skin warts and several mucosal lesions composed of masses of hyperplastic epithelium.
Other important concepts to note:
Dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells. Compensatory hyperplasia enables organ regeneration and is a normal process: hyperplasia is not normal. Pathologic hyperplasia increases cell number. Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells and consequently in the size of the affected organ.
