Answer:
3. Antibody-independent pathways of complement activation rely on complement components that directly bind to microbial surfaces.
Explanation:
There are three pathways of complement activation:
- The classical pathway.
- The alternative pathway.
- The lectin pathway.
The classical pathway is triggered by binding of C1 either to the pathogen surface or to antibody bound to the pathogen.
The alternative pathway is triggered by the spontaneous hydrolysis of soluble C3 to C3(H₂O) and initiates eventual deposition of C3 convertase on microbial surfaces.
The lectin pathway is triggered by the binding of mannose-binding lectin or ficolins to carbohydrate residues in microbial cell walls and capsules.
<span>There are three parts of the body that will change suggesting a systemic disease. The first is the hands, which contain may blood vessels and a significant amount of skin surface. Nerves in the body might show signs of a systemic disease. Finally, muscles, tendons and ligaments might swell or otherwise show signs of bodily stress.</span>
Answer:
Its "No, eukaryotic cells cannot live without
mitochondria and chloroplasts; they provide
the energy cells need to survive."
Explanation:
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Brainlist?
Intrasexual selection
Intrasexual Selection is when
members of the same sex within a species contend emulously with each other in
order to acquire chances to mate with others such as the male against male
competition for females. This type of selection often involves posturing and
fighting. Species or individuals suitable for intrasexual selection will possess
developed better weapons than their competitors.
Answer:
Unlike matter, as energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from photosynthetic organisms to herbivores to omnivores and carnivores and decomposers, less and less energy becomes available to support life.
Explanation:
Primary producers use energy from the sun to produce their own food in the form of glucose, and then primary producers are eaten by primary consumers who are in turn eaten by secondary consumers, and so on, so that energy flows from one trophic level, or level of the food chain, to the next.
Energy is acquired by living things in three ways: photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, and the consumption and digestion of other living or previously-living organisms by heterotrophs.
Living organisms would not be able to assemble macromolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and complex carbohydrates) from their monomeric subunits without a constant energy input.