Placebo responses greatly influence ordinary clinical outcomes, making placebo controls essential in randomized clinical trials (RCTs).
What are the placebome, or genetics, and the placebo effect?
Recent research in neurophysiology reveals the neurotransmitter networks that control placebo effects. It is possible to use genetic screening to identify placebo responders, which would boost the efficiency of RCTs and enhance therapeutic treatment. This is supported by evidence that genetic differences in these pathways can alter placebo effects. Additionally, the design of RCTs should take into account any potential interactions between the molecular pathways of the medicine and the placebo. The placebome, a study of the genetic influences on placebo response, is still in its infancy. Here, we evaluate data from placebo trials and RCTs to pinpoint putative genes in the placebome, look into data for interactions between placebo and drugs, and discuss implications for clinical care and RCTs.
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True, a salamander is an amphibian.
Spray
drying is a process in which a liquid containing dissolved or suspended solids
is sprayed through a nozzle into a chamber in which hot air is being blown into
at the same time. As the nozzle releases small drops of the solution, it comes
in contact with the hot air and the moisture content of each droplet is
removed. This way, the liquid is turned to powder form which moves to a conveyor belt at
the bottom of the chamber.
