Highly potent toxins that are excreted by microorganisms, such as bacteria, and can cause damage to the host by destroying cells
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Answer:
<u>a. the production of ATP</u>
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Explanation:
Photosynthesis is type of biosynthesis that produces glucose from the reactants sunlight, carbon dioxide and water. It happens in two phases of the chloroplast, the light-dependent and light-independent reactions. In a light reaction that stimulates photosystems, pigments such as chlorophyll absorb light energy at specific wavelengths. Here,
- Light energy stimulates photosystem complexes formed from chlorophyll. Photosystem II then absorbs and transfers light to a reaction core.
- Water undergoes hydrolysis or splitting to yield an electron, a proton (H+) and oxygen.
- energy is passed along the electron transport chain, where it forms builds up H+ and an electrochemical gradient in the thylakoid space
- These protons pass through the ATPase enzyme embedded within the membrane, into the stroma, generating ATP from ADP.
- NADPH is generated from NADP+
