The cilia propel debris-laden mucus away from lower respiratory system structures.
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What is function of mucous membrane?</h3>
- Another general defense against possible infections is provided by the mucous membranes that line the digestive, urinary, and respiratory tracts, as well as the nose, mouth, and lungs.
- In order to cover and protect the more delicate cell layers underneath it and to trap waste and particle matter, including microorganisms, mucous membranes are made up of a layer of epithelial cells connected by tight junctions.
- Because they feature ciliated appendages, which resemble hairs, the epithelial cells lining the upper portions of the respiratory tract are known as ciliated epithelial cells.
- Mucus that contains debris is forced out and away from the lungs by the cilia's movement. The mucus is then coughed up, sneezed out, or swallowed and destroyed in the stomach. The mucociliary escalator is another name for this route of elimination.
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Answer:
Answer is A. Vicariance does not require organisms to disperse.
Explanation:
Vicariance occurs when there is a sudden occurrence barrier , such as geographical area barrier that cause the isolation of species of organisms.
Dispersal involves the movement of the organism while vicariance is the change in environment due to sudden occurrence in the area.
In this case, vicariance does not involve movement of organisms while dispersal involves movement of organisms.
Melting ice caps and glaciers
