1st level = s
<span>2nd level = s,p </span>
<span>3rd level = s,p,d </span>
<span>4th level = s,p,d,f</span>
Because coefficients numbers make the elements to be stable.
Answer:
Therefore, the boiling points of the alkanes increase with molecular size. For isomers, the more branched the chain, the lower the boiling point tends to be. Van der Waals dispersion forces are smaller for shorter molecules and only operate over very short distances between one molecule and its neighbors.
The boiling points of the normal alkanes increase with increasing molecular weight (Table 3.3). As the molecular weight increases, London forces increase because more atoms are present to increase the surface area or the molecules.
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Answer:
i) 
ii) 
ii) 
Explanation:
As the initial and final states of the sample are the same, the ΔU of the sample is, for the three cases
since 
i)Reversibly 
so 
can be calculated by
and because of the first law of thermodynamics
ii)Irreversibly with 
we can calculate 
by the law of ideal gases
then w can be calculated by
and
iii)a free expansion 
so 
(there's no work at vaccum) and 
