A rational number is a real number such as 5 or .25. An irrational number is a non realistic number such as pi
The intersecting secant-tangent theorem says that

where T is the point at which line segment PO touches the circle. Similarly,

so we have

OP is of course as long as itself, and AO and BO are radii of the same circle so they have the same lengths.
This means triangles APO and BPO are congruent, which means angles APO and BPO are congruent, so angle APB is bisected by PO.
In this problem, since we are trying to find Sam's monthly net income, we just need to multiply his weekly net income (which is after all the deductions come out) by how many times he gets paid! Because he gets paid 4 times, we just need to multiply $654.48 by 4! The you should get an answer of $2617.92, which is Sam's monthly net income!
If the banana costs 10 dollars and you give 11 dollars, you have paid 110 percent of the cost.