1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
xxTIMURxx [149]
3 years ago
7

How did the Reformation impact the Scientific Revolution. Give two reasons and explain.

Social Studies
1 answer:
kompoz [17]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

On 31 October 1517, as legend has it, renegade monk Martin Luther nailed a document to the door of All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, Germany. The Ninety-five Theses marked the beginning of the Reformation, the first major break in the unity of Christianity since 1054. Luther proclaimed a radical new theology: salvation by faith alone, the priesthood of all believers, the ultimate authority not of the Church, but of the Bible. By 1520, he had rejected the authority of the pope. Lutherans and followers of French reformer John Calvin found themselves engaged in bitter wars against Catholicism that lasted for a century and a half.

This age of religious warfare was also the age of the scientific revolution: Nicolaus Copernicus's On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres (1543), Tycho Brahe's Introduction to the New Astronomy (1588), Johannes Kepler's New Astronomy (1609), Galileo Galilei's telescopic discoveries (1610), the experiments with air pressure and the vacuum by Blaise Pascal (1648) and Robert Boyle (1660), and Isaac Newton's Principia (1687).

Were the Reformation and this revolution merely coincident, or did the Reformation somehow facilitate or foster the new science, which rejected traditional authorities such as Aristotle and relied on experiments and empirical information? Suppose Martin Luther had never existed; suppose the Reformation had never taken place. Would the history of science have been fundamentally different? Would there have been no scientific revolution? Would we still be living in the world of the horse and cart, the quill pen and the matchlock firearm? Can we imagine a Catholic Newton, or is Newton's Protestantism somehow fundamental to his science?

The key book on this subject was published in 1938 by Robert Merton, the great US sociologist who went on to invent terms that have become part of everyday speech, such as 'role model', 'unanticipated consequence' and 'self-fulfilling prophecy'. Merton's first book, Science, Technology and Society in Seventeenth-Century England, attracted little attention initially. But in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, historians of science endlessly and inconclusively debated what they called the Merton thesis: that Puritanism, the religion of the founders of the New England colonies, had fostered scientific enquiry, and that this was precisely why England, where the religion had motivated a civil war, had a central role in the construction of modern science.

Those debates have fallen quiet. But it is still widely argued by historians of science that the Protestant religion and the new science were inextricably intertwined, as Protestantism turned away from the spirituality of Catholicism and fostered a practical engagement with the world, exemplified in the idea that a person's occupation was their vocation. Merton was following in the footsteps of German sociologist Max Weber, who argued that Protestantism had led to capitalism.

I disagree. First, plenty of great sixteenth- and seventeenth-century scientists were Catholics, including Copernicus, Galileo and Pascal. Second, one of the most striking features of the new science was how easily it passed back and forth between Catholics and Protestants. At the height of the religious wars, two Protestant astronomers were appointed one after another as mathematicians to the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor: first Brahe, then Kepler. Louis XIV, who expelled the Protestants from France in 1685, had previously hired Protestants such as Christiaan Huygens for his Academy of Sciences. The experiments of Pascal, a devout Catholic, were quickly copied in England by the devoutly Protestant Boyle. The Catholic Church banned Copernicanism, but was quick to change its mind in the light of Newton's discoveries. And third, if we can point to Protestant communities that seem to have produced more than their share of great scientists, we can also point to Protestant societies where the new science did not flourish until later — Scotland, for example.

Discovery and dissemination

What made the scientific revolution possible were three developments. A new confidence in the possibility of discovery was the first: there was no word for discovery in European languages before exploration uncovered the Americas. The printing press was the second. It brought about an information revolution: instead of commenting on a few canonical texts, intellectuals learnt to navigate whole libraries of information. In the process, they invented the modern idea of the fact — reliable information that could be checked and tested. Finally, there was the new claim by mathematicians to be better at understanding the world than philosophers, a claim that was grounded in their development of the experimental method.

You might be interested in
According to pluralist theorists, democratic values can be preserved in a system of multiple, competing elites who determine pub
Serggg [28]

Answer:

Statement is true.

Explanation:

In simple words Pluralism is defined as the system or condition under which two or more groups, principles, states, etc., coexist. Under the concept there exist a doctrine of multiplicity and there is no dominant set of organization present which directs the policy making processes.

Given statement is correct because it is this concept of Pluralism which provide an individual or interest group an effective way to participate in the political system and allowing theirs view and ideas to be heard in an organised manner. According to pluralist, negotiation and discussion among these interest groups further provide a balance of power which also protects an individual from inclining towards any specific ideology or view point and helps them to remain neutral.

Hope this will help.

7 0
3 years ago
Bribery is acceptable in certain foreign countries. Indeed, U.S. Development, Inc., has found that the only way it can ensure de
Olenka [21]

Answer: Option C -- Permitted by U.S. law if the payment is made to a minor official to speed up administrative procedures.

Explanation: In as much as United States abhors bribery but in some certain circumstances at foreign countries, US development Inc has no option than to bribe in other to ensure delivery on certain contracts in these countries, which is done only if the payment is made to a minor official to speed up administrative procedures as permitted by US law.

6 0
2 years ago
Which of the following sections of the U.S. Constitution establishes the judicial branch of government? a. Article I b. Article
WITCHER [35]

Answer: C. Article 111

Explanation: The judicial branch of the United States constitution is established in article 111. Article 111 of the United States constitution is divided into three sections each stating the judicial rudiment of the United States. Some of the judicial branch rules includes vesting the judicial power in the Supreme Court of the United States and other courts established or ordained by congress. Even though the Supreme power reside in the Supreme Court. It also establishes the extent of judicial power.

6 0
3 years ago
Democritus would appear to have been persuaded by arguments that appropriate to the science of nature. The point will be clear a
Sergio039 [100]

Answer:

The text shown above was written by Aristoteles, where he doubted the existence of the atom.

Explanation:

Aristoles did not believe in the existence of the atom, he wrote about it in "Generation and Corruption," where he found it impermissible to believe in a structure as small as the atom could be divided, or be the basic structure of matter. For Aristoteles the matter was formed by the mixture of four elements and as he had a strong social influence, his theory about the composition of the matter was accepted for many years, even though it was wrong and disregarding the atom.

5 0
3 years ago
Which statement best completes the timeline?
klasskru [66]

Answer:

C. The Yamato dynasty unites Japan.

Explanation:

The timeline of events correctly begins from the time when <em>"The Yamato dynasty unites Japan." </em>In other words, from the time when this dynasty started to rule over the territory of Japan then came subsequent events.

  • Shoguns rule  over a feudal  system in Japan
  • Japan adopts modern  technology during the  Meiji period
  • Japan joins  Germany and Italy  during World War II.
6 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • When a balloon is filled with air, we say it inflates. What does the word inflation mean when it is applied to money?
    11·1 answer
  • A major advantage of cohort studies over case-control studies with respect to the role of a suspected factor in the etiology of
    13·1 answer
  • Al wants to study the relationship between sleep deprivation and the number of hours spent on a computer each day. He has no nee
    10·1 answer
  • Choose the false statement. Music affects culture. Culture affects music. Music offers insight into the lives of people within a
    10·2 answers
  • What was the 18th century war between the major powers of europe and the ottoman empire?
    5·1 answer
  • Why would the Canadian government MOST LIKELY impose a tariff on certain imported goods?
    9·1 answer
  • Governments were created to manage the activities of _____.
    15·1 answer
  • PLEASE HELP ME!!!!! WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!
    14·1 answer
  • In this unit, you read a presidential speech, two poems, a memoir excerpt, short stories, and an editorial. In terms of what it
    11·1 answer
  • The term _____ is owed to aristotle, or at least to those who cataloged his works.
    14·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!