Answer: A student, Amara, plans to use the survey data to create a visualization and short summary of students' plans for college. First she wants to learn more about how the data was collected. Of the following things she might learn about the survey, which are the most likely sources of bias in the results based how it was collected:
- She learns that the survey administrators only asked a representative sample of students, rather than even student in each state .
- She learns that responses were collected only by mobile app
.
- She learns the survey was available to complete in both digital and paper form
.
- She learns that the survey was only given to students with scores in the top 10% on the PSAT
.
Explanation:
Conditions for choosing the participants in surveys can affect responses. Collecting survey responses by using an app introduces inclusive bias into the survey. This is when a group is selected for convenience and is not at all a random selection. Using an app has limited the participants to people who use the app.
Asking only the students who scored highly in tests also skews the neutrality of the survey. This introduces an omission bias by excluding a majority of students.
It was either the representative or the leader
In 1907 George F. Sherman and David Inglis won after a decade of fighting the adoption of Initiative and Referendum in Michigan. Both, Initiative and Referendum allow changes in law and Constitutional amendments by placing a proposal on the ballot for the electorate to vote.
So for Initiative fill out: yes. For Referendum fill out: yes.
For How to get a measure on the ballot, fill out: It is by collecting a specific number of valid signatures from citizen voters and by a petition propose it for the ballot.
