According to the book, classical conditioning is a sort of learning in which a person learns to link two or more inputs and predict occurrences. To teach a youngster not to run into the street, it must be exposed to stimuli that are associated with not doing so.
Classical conditioning is a behavioral process in which biologically potent stimuli are paired with previously neutral stimuli. It also refers to the learning process resulting from this pairing, in which neutral stimuli usually elicit responses similar to those elicited by strong stimuli.
Classical conditioning differs from operant conditioning. In operant conditioning, the strength of voluntary behavior is modified through reinforcement or punishment. However, classical conditioning can influence operant conditioning in different ways. In particular, classically conditioned stimuli help reinforce operant responses.
Classical conditioning was first studied in detail by Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov conducted experiments on dogs and published the results in 1897. During a gastrointestinal study of Russian physiologists, Pavlov observed that the dogs he used as test subjects drooled when offered meat.
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Answer:
Explanation:
racial inequality is not necessarily the same thing as racism, though the two do often go hand in hand. Perhaps it would be fair to say that racism is defined by a prejudice towards a group of people based on their race or ethnicity, and racial inequality is the result of that prejudice. For example, while it would be hard to point towards the racism of any one individual to account for the disparity between wealth in white families, and wealth in black families, it is nevertheless certainly an example of racial inequality. The fact that average black people have less money than white people is very plainly a result of lack of opportunity.
After all, we know quite plainly that while western culture (particularly the United States) values the “pull yourself up by the bootstraps narrative”, it is ultimately usually generational wealth that wins the day.
The racial inequality, in this case, is a result of the fact that African Americans started as slaves in this country, and then suffered through Jim Crowe laws, and other circumstance that contributed to a difficulty in establishing a foothold in prosperous circumstance.
It is important to note that situations of racial inequality do not necessarily pertain to every member of a given race. For example, not all African Americans struggle economically, and not all Caucasians prosper financially. In fact, there are countless examples of each case where the exact opposite is true. When people refer to racial inequality, they are talking about patterns that all too often manifest themselves in our society.
Answer:
Option a==> yellow-dog contracts.
Explanation:
In the United States of America, there was a period( 1920s and early 1930s) that in order to secure a job, the employees has to come into aggreement with the employers that they will never form or join any union relating to labour. This case was very rampant in the public sector of the economy in which people seeking for work has to give up their rights to protest for unjustice ( for example teachers during those times were not to join any labour union).
The reason behind yellow-dog contracts is to make sure that employers are able to stop workers from protesting.
Therefore, we can see from the Explanation above that Rosedale Shoe Factory was making use of yellow-dog contracts.
Answer:
Well there are lots of things to the response to this
Explanation:
A procedure of response blocking or flooding, works because the fear-eliciting properties of the CS are extinguished. Learned helplessness is likely to develop if, controllable shocks are preceded by uncontrollable shocks.
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More specific
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-works because the subject's expectations about the consequences of failing to respond are changed
-should not work
-works because the fear-eliciting properties of the CS are extinguished
-works because flooding produces a drastic stimulus change
Answer:
Inter rater reliability
Explanation:
Inter-Rater Reliability refers to the degree of agreement among raters. The statistical measurements determining similarity of the data collected with minimum difference based on the skill, performance and behavior in a human.
The two athletic trainers need to evaluate the star of basketball team with close observations to ensure validity of the experiment. The degree of agreement must be as greater and converging as it can, expressed in terms of correlation coefficient.
A reliability report with maximum homogeneity and consensus is believed to be highest in proper evaluation.
