Answer:
For much of the past century, scientists studying drugs and drug use labored in the shadows of powerful myths and misconceptions about the nature of addiction. When scientists began to study addictive behavior in the 1930s, people with an addiction were thought to be morally flawed and lacking in willpower. Those views shaped society’s responses to drug use, treating it as a moral failing rather than a health problem, which led to an emphasis on punishment rather than prevention and treatment.
Today, thanks to science, our views and our responses to addiction and the broader spectrum of substance use disorders have changed dramatically. Groundbreaking discoveries about the brain have revolutionized our understanding of compulsive drug use, enabling us to respond effectively to the problem.
As a result of scientific research, we know that addiction is a medical disorder that affects the brain and changes behavior. We have identified many of the biological and environmental risk factors and are beginning to search for the genetic variations that contribute to the development and progression of the disorder. Scientists use this knowledge to develop effective prevention and treatment approaches that reduce the toll drug use takes on individuals, families, and communities.
Despite these advances, we still do not fully understand why some people develop an addiction to drugs or how drugs change the brain to foster compulsive drug use. This booklet aims to fill that knowledge gap by providing scientific information about the disorder of drug addiction, including the many harmful consequences of drug use and the basic approaches that have been developed to prevent and treat substance use disorders.
At the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), we believe that increased understanding of the basics of addiction will empower people to make informed choices in their own lives, adopt science-based policies and programs that reduce drug use and addiction in their communities, and support scientific research that improves the Nation’s well-being.
Answer:
Option 3 is correct.
The atomic nucleus of each element has a unique number of protons. Therefore, the energy of the electron layers of the atoms of each element is unique.
If we have the energy released from each electron transfer between the layers of the atom, we can identify the element.
Answer:
7 Images
Explanation:
n = 360 / a - 1 = 360 / 45 - 1 = 8-1= 7
(Based on multiple reflections)
I hope im right!!
Answer:
The value of 
is 0.02495.
Explanation:
Initial concentration of 
gas = 0.675 M
Initial concentration of 
gas = 0.973 M
Equilibrium concentration of mustard gas = 0.35 M
initially
0.675 M 0.973 M 0
At equilibrium ;
(0.675-0.35) M (0.973-2 × 0.35) M 0.35 M
The equilibrium constant is given as :
![K_c=\frac{[S(CH_2CH_2Cl)_2]}{[SCl_2][C_2H_4]^2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5BS%28CH_2CH_2Cl%29_2%5D%7D%7B%5BSCl_2%5D%5BC_2H_4%5D%5E2%7D)
The relation between and 
are :
where,
= equilibrium constant at constant pressure = ?
= equilibrium concentration constant =14.45
R = gas constant = 0.0821 L⋅atm/(K⋅mol)
T = temperature = 20.0°C =20.0 +273.15 K=293.15 K
= change in the number of moles of gas = [(1) - (1 + 2)]=-2
Now put all the given values in the above relation, we get:
The value of is 0.02495.
<span>On the periodic table, the majority of elements are classified as "Metals"
In short, Your Answer would be Option A
Hope this helps!</span>
