Answer:
a) 
b) 
Step-by-step explanation:
Polar coordinates are represented as:
, where 'r' is the length (or magnitude) of the line, and '
' is the angle measured from the positive x-axis.
in our case:

to covert the polar to cartesian:


we can plug in our values:


the Cartesian coordinates are:


(b) to convert (x,y) = (6.06,-3.5)
we'll use the pythagoras theorem to find 'r'



the angle can be found by:




to convert radians to degrees:

writing in polar coordinates:

We want to find a scalar function

such that

.
So we need to have

Integrating both sides with respect to

gives

Differentiating with respect to

gives



So we find that

By the fundamental theorem of calculus, we then know the line integral depends only on the values of

at the endpoints of the path. Therefore
9/8 because you multiply 3 × 3 and leave the denominator the same
Answer:
19 mm
Step-by-step explanation:
A penny is not that large, and you can fit multiple pennies in the palm of your hand. This means that the only reasonable measurement is 19 mm, (& 8 cm, but that is only if you have really large hands). Therefore, (A) is your choice.
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