Answer:
In statistics and econometrics, the first-difference (FD) estimator is an estimator used to address the problem of omitted variables with panel data. It is consistent under the assumptions of the fixed effects model. In certain situations it can be more efficient than the standard fixed effects (or "within") estimator.
First differences are the differences between consecutive y-‐values in tables of values with evenly spaced x-‐values. If the first differences of a relation are constant, the relation is _______________________________ If the first differences of a relation are not constant, the relation is ___________________________
Answer:
x=-16
Step-by-step explanation:
Subtract 4 from both sides
x+4-4=-12-4
x=-16
Answer:
H0: μ = 5 versus Ha: μ < 5.
Step-by-step explanation:
Given:
μ = true average radioactivity level(picocuries per liter)
5 pCi/L = dividing line between safe and unsafe water
The recommended test here is to test the null hypothesis, H0: μ = 5 against the alternative hypothesis Ha: μ < 5.
A type I error, is an error where the null hypothesis, H0 is rejected when it is true.
We know type I error can be controlled, so safer option which is to test H0: μ = 5 vs Ha: μ < 5 is recommended.
Here, a type I error involves declaring the water is safe when it is not safe. A test which ensures that this error is highly unlikely is desirable because this is a very serious error. We prefer that the most serious error be a type I error because it can be explicitly controlled.
Step-by-step explanation:
Since ∠E is right angle, its opposite side is DF and the legs are DE and EF.
<u>Pythagorean applied:</u>
Answer:
11.8 in.
Step-by-step explanation:
