A. nucleus
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Answer:
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
Explanation:
(a) According to Newton's second law, the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the force exerted on it and inversely proportional to it's mass.

(b) According to Newton's third law, the force that the sled exerts on the girl is equal in magnitude but opposite in the direction of the force that the girl exerts on the sled:

(c) Using the kinematics equation:

For the girl, we have
and
. So:

For the sled, we have
. So:

When they meet, the final positions are the same. So, equaling (1) and (2) and solving for t:

Now, we solve (1) for 

<u>Answer </u>
A. that the initial gravitational potential energy of the masses transformed into kinetic energy of the paddles and then to thermal energy in the water
<u>Explanation</u>
James Joule allowed some water to fall from a height of 1 foot. the water would turn a paddle wheel at the bottom causing a temperature of water to raise.
The height form which the water fell, mass and the temperature of water was measured and used to calculate mechanical equivalent of heat.
From the choices given the best answer is A. that the initial gravitational potential energy of the masses transformed into kinetic energy of the paddles and then to thermal energy in the water.