Answer: Option (B) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
A covalent compound is a compound formed by sharing of electrons. And, in a covalent network solid atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network that is extending throughout the material or solid.
This continuous arrangement of atoms are like a lattice.
For example, diamond is a covalent network solid in which carbon atoms are arranged in a continuous lattice like structure.
Hence, we can conclude that the statement all the atoms are covalently bonded to other atoms to form a lattice-like structure, best describes the structure of covalent network solids.
The correct answer is option A, that is, cooler and more rigid outer portion.
The lithosphere of the Earth comprises the crust and the uppermost mantle that forms the rigid and hard outer layer of the Earth. The lithosphere is sub-differentiated into tectonic plates. The topmost section of the lithosphere, which chemically reacts with the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere via the soil producing procedure is known as the pedosphere. The lithosphere is situated above the asthenosphere that is the hotter, weaker, and deeper component of the upper mantle.
Answer:
ionization energy is the amount of energy it takes to remove an atoms most loosely bound electron. going from the top of a group to the bottom, ionization energy decreases, as it is getting easier and easier to remove the outermost electron. As you move down a group, you add principle energy levels, which causes shielding. this means that there is decreased communication between the outermost electron and the nucleus, making it easier to remove the outer electron.
The -COOH is bonded to a long chain of hydrocarbons in a fatty acid.
A hydrocarbon chain is comprised of both carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms. The 'acid' part is made up of the -COOH portion, whereas the 'fatty' part is made up of the long hydrocarbon chain that it is attached to.
The answer is a chlorine atom.
