To determine the shapes of molecules, we must become acquainted with the Lewis electron dot structure. Although the Lewis theory does not determine the shapes of molecules, it is the first step in predicting shapes of molecules. The Lewis structure helps us identify the bond pairs and the lone pairs.
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Sodium reacts to chlorine and gives NaCl. The balanced reaction is given below:
2Na + Cl₂→ 2NaCl. Two moles Na reacts with one mole Cl₂ and produces two moles of NaCl. Atomic mass of Na= 23, Molar mass of Cl₂= 71, molar mass of NaCl=58.5.
So, 46 g Na reacts with 71 g of Cl₂ and produces (2 X 58.5)g = 117 g of NaCl. As per question Na reacts completely which means Na is the limiting reagent. So, number of moles of Na reacts = number moles of NaCl produced.
NaCl produced= 819 g= (819/58.5) moles= 15.69 moles. Therefore, 15.69 moles = 15.69 X 23 g=360.87 g of Na reacted.