Explanation:
There are several types of antibodies and antigens, and each antibody is capable of binding only to a specific antigen. ... Antigens are bound to antibodies through weak and noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions.
Antibodies attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen. T lymphocytes attack antigens directly and help control the immune response. They also release chemicals, known as cytokines, which control the entire immune response.
Asexual: Offspring arise from single organism
Sexual: Genetic information from two organisms (male and female), where one produces a motile gamete (male) that travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by other (female).
Internal Fertilization: Union of an egg cell with a sperm during sexual reproduction inside the body of a parent.
External Fertilization: The sperm cell reunites with the egg cell in the open, rather than inside the body of a parent.
:) I'm sure you can figure it out from the information I stated above
Let's call the colour alleles C for dominant purple, and c for recessive white.
We have crossed Cc with Cc. So if we put that in a Punnett square, we'd have a CC, two Cc and a cc. That would give us a 3:1 ratio of purple to white, so you'd expect 15 purple and 5 white flowers. :)
How can reproductive isolation lead to speciation<span>? If populations cannot mate successfully with one another, genetic differences may accumulate in the populations. Over time they become very different and give rise to new species.</span>
First one is axis, second one is light and energy (I think), medium sized star, I don't know the forth one, sorry, 1,300,000 times bigger than the earth, I don't know the sixth one, and 9940.73° F.
